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Chan_Nicholas_Block2_MM3 (Cell Membranes (Function (Transport (Active…

- - - - Integral protein
        
        Peripheral protein
        
        Bound on surface of membrane and exposed areas of integral proteins
        
        Embedded in phospholipid bilayer
      - Phospholipid bilayer
        
        Hydrophilic head
        
        Hydrophobic tail
        
        Unsaturated hydrocarbon tail with kinks
        
        Fluid
        
        Saturated hydrocarbon tail
        
        Viscous
        
        Cholesterol
        
        Reduces fluidity
        
        Amphipathic molecule
  - - - Glycoprotein identification
    - - Binding sites
    - - Enzyme with active site
    - - Active transport
        
        Electrogenic pump
        
        Proton pump
        
        Moves hydrogen ions out of cell
        
        Sodium potassium pump
        
        Transports molecules against the concentration gradient
      - Bulk transport
        
        Endocytosis
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        Engulfs food particles with pseudopods and encloses particles with a vacuole which is to be digested by lysosomes
        
        Pinocytosis
        
        Gulps droplets of extracellular fluid into vesicles where the particles can be dissolved
        
        Receptor-mediated endocytosis
        
        Exocytosis
        
        Secretes macromolecules and releases a vesicle that fuses into the cell membrane
      - Passive transport
        
        Diffusion
        
        Facilitated diffusion
        
        Performed by transport proteins
        
        Allow polar molecules and ions to pass through membrane
        
        Ion channels
        
        Gated channels
        
        Aquaporins
        
        Channel protein
        
        Passage of water molecules through membrane
        
        Concentration gradient
        
        Evens out higher/lower concentrations in systems
        
        Osmosis
        
        Balance of free water concentration
    - - Gap or tight junctions
    - - Cytoskeleton bind to membrane proteins
    - - Facilitates passage of molecule through membrane
        
        Passes with difficulty
        
        small uncharged molecules
        
        Hydrophobic molecules
        
        Passes easily
        
        Large uncharged molecules
        
        Ions