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Membranes (Function (Transport (Bulk transport (Endocytosis (the cell…

- - - - Cell uses energy to move substance against the concentration gradient
        
        ATP
        
        through the electrochemical gradiant, diff. in charges
        
        primary active transport
        
        uses a source of chemical energy, ATP, to move molecules across a membrane against their gradient
        
        secondary active transport (cotransport)
        
        electrochemical gradient as an energy source to move molecules against their gradient
    - - Endocytosis
        
        the cell takes in macromolecules and matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma molecules
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        engulfs a particle by wrapping pseudopodia around, creating a food vacoule
        
        Pinocytosis
        
        takes in droplets of ectracellular fluid into tiny vesicles
        
        Receptor- mediated endocytosis
        
        enables the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances with coated proteins
      - Exocytosis
        
        when the cell secretes macromolecules by fusing the molecules into the plasma membrane
    - - not require the cell to expend any energy and involves a substance diffusing down its concentration gradient across a membrane.
        
        Diffusion
        
        a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until its concentration becomes equal throughout
        
        facilitated diffusion
        
        molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with assistance from membrane proteins
        
        Carrier
        
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        Channel
        
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        Osmosis
        
        The diffusion of water across a selectivly permeable membrane
        
        tonicity
        
        the ability of a solution to cause or gain water
        
        hypotonic
        
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        isotonic
        
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        hypertonic
        
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- - - - hydrophobic tails
        
        saturated/ unsaturated fats
        
        Cholesteral
        
        helps maintain fluidity in different temperatures
      - hydrophilic heads
        
        function
        
        form bilayer
    - - transmembrane proteins
        
        C-terminus
        
        N-terminus
        
        Functions
        
        Intercellular joining
        
        tight and gap junction
        
        Cell-cell recognition
        
        form larger cells to become larger
        
        glycoproteins
        
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        glycolipids
        
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        Signal transduction
        
        signal receptor
        
        Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
        
        holds the cell together
        
        enzymatic activity
        
        turn on substance to another
        
        transport
        
        provides a channel across the membrane that allows selected solutes
        
        alpha helix