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Soo_Alexandra_Block2_MM3 (Types of Transportation used (Active Transport…
Soo_Alexandra_Block2_MM3
What makes up a cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic head
allows certain molecules into the bilayer
Hydrophobic tail
keeps water out so the cell retains its form
Fluid membrane w/ embedded proteins
Hydrophilic region (top & bottom)
allows certain molecules into the bilayer
Hydrophobic region (middle)
keeps water out so the bilayer retains its shape
Functions
Transport(broken down further on the right)
ATP energy
Enzymatic Activity
transform for metabolic purposes
Signal Transduction
signaling molecules
use tags to recognize one another
recognize protein sizes
Cell receptors take in and transfer information
Cell to Cell Recognition
recognizing a nearby cell's existance
Intercellular joining
Attachment to cytoskeleton & extracelular matrix
proteins can receive signals
synapse clefts
signals can get passed on later to adjacent cells
Types of Transportation used
Active Transport
ATP dependent
particles move from low to high concentration
moves ions and molecules across the cell membrane
may use enzymes to aid in the transporting process
Passive Transport
ATP independent (doesn't need it)
Different processes used (all have a concentration gradient)
Facilitated Diffusion
Specific & non- specific transport proteins for particles
movement of molecules/ ions to certain proteins in the cell
Osmosis
Aquaporins for water
movement of water from low to high concentration
Effects of Osmosis
Hypertonic Solution
Solution has a high concentration of water
high osmotic pressure
Hypotonic Solution
Solution has a low concentration of water
lower osmotic pressure
Isotonic Solution
no change in pressure within a solution
Simple Diffusion
no membrane protein
movement of particles from high to low concentration
Bulk Transport
functions
imports bulk solids into food vacuole
uses non- specific transport
helps with cell "eating" process
Processes used
Pinocytosis
imports bulk fluids into vesicles
uses non- specific transport
helps with cell "drinking" process
Receptor mediated Endocytosis
allows cells to take up macromolecules
receptors recognize & connect lyogin to molecules