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Bacteria and Archaea (Motility (flagellum (hook, filament, Motor),…
Bacteria and Archaea
Motility
taxis
directed movement toward or away stimuli
flagellum
hook
filament
Motor
circular chromosomes
located in nucleiod
no enclosed by membrane
may contain smaller rings of DNA
called plasmid
cell structure surface
peptidoglycan
polymer made of modified sugar
a sticky layer of protein called capsule
helps withstand harsh conditions
endospores help withstand
gram strain
used to categorize bacteria by cell wall
gram +
simple cell walls
gram -
more complex peptidoglycan
fimbriae
hair like appendages
help stick to other surfaces
also has pili
this transfers DNA
nutritional and metabolical adaptations
Oxygen roles
obligate aerobe
Obligate anaerobe
Anaerobe reparation
Facultative anaerobes
nitrogen fixation
Carried out by heterocyst
Bacteria can metabolically cooperate
They create colonies called biofilms
Reproducion
Reproduce by binary fission
A single cell can duplicate themselves
Reproduce Quickly
This can cause mutation
increase genetic diversity
Can combine DNA
They share genetic information
Transformation
Takes new info from others
Transduction
Virus transfer DNA
Conjugation
Info transfers between
F plasmid
the sender
Can replicate ever 1-3 hours
Can't stay Alvie for too long
Diverse
all come from one ancestor
most are symbiotic
parasitism
one is harmed the other benefits
commensalism
one benefit the other is not affected
mutualism
both benefit
Archaea
Extremophiles
Halophiles
extrem salt conditions
thermophiles
Extreme temperatures
Methanogens
Live in moderate conditions
Produce methane as waste