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Mind and Body (Monism (The mind and body cooperate) (Functionalism (Brain…

- - - - God shapes the man from the earth; man is and will return to "dust."
      - God breathes life into the first humans to make them live.
      - Everything God makes is "Very good," including human beings.
      - God names the man and the woman; they are his possessions.
      - Humans are superior to other animals but must care for them.
      - Humans are like God in having knowledge of good and evil.
      - Humans are monistic in that we are simply beings created by God. (using theogony to illuminate the state of human being)
      - Assumptions about God
        
        God possesses the 'breath of life': The ability to make things live or die.
        
        God knows everything, including everything about the creation of life.
        
        God has control over all the nature ("the four winds")
    - - Developing from Judaism, Christianity adapted many Christian beliefs.
      - Resurrection coming from the story of Jesus differs from Judaism.
      - Saint Paul talked about the weakness of the "flesh" and other negative aspects of the body. The idea of desire, of alcohol, of sex, uncleanness and greed. That the body sins, but the soul is pure and we must go against bodily desire, of the influence of the devil in order for our souls to reach heaven.
      - The transformative power of God is far more important than that of separating the soul from the body.
    - - 1) These arguments depend wholly on theism and the existence of God.
      - 2) The goodness of creation can be countered by the idea of suffering and the large quantities of it within the world
      - 3) There is more solid reasoning between the arguments of Hinduism, Buddhism and Platonic claims. This is specifically that life is an illusion.
      - 4) The mind still seems distinct from the body; our thoughts don't always have a relationship with our physical actions.
    - - Similar to Judaism and Christianity
        
        God has complete power to create and did create everything.
        
        He is easily capable, therefore, of bringing the dead to life.
  - - - Humans think
      - Humans become aware that they think.
      - Humans become aware that they are among human thinking humans.
      - Humans become ware that they can collectively think of universal things.
      - Human thinking as a whole can thus become self-aware.
- - - - Anatta(no-self); Your soul isn't your personality(you have no innate self. What we regard as us is a constantly changing stream of consciousness. (There is nothing permanent to be reborn)
        
        If everything is impermanent, then the self is also impermanent.
        
        Manifestly, our thoughts and characters change over time.
        
        We can become attached to or egoistic about our own spiritual quests.
      - Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama): Overcame the four noble truths: suffering, cause of suffering, an end to suffering, a way to end suffering. The story of the buddha states that Siddhartha was kept unaware of the experience of suffering sickness in his palace. He lived a life of luxury, always having everything he desired. When venturing out of the palace he sees an old man, a diseased man, a corpse and an ascetic. These make him question how to live with the knowledge of these things. How do our minds confront our limited mortal bodies.
      - Asceticism: Striving against the wayward influences of the body as they distract the mind. (Buddha practised asceticism until he came to the conclusion that his body had to be a equilibrium before he could meditate and reach enlightenment, therefore turned his back on the practise.)
        
        It can be argued that the harshness of discipline of asceticism wouldn't allow for deep reflection. The body and mind should be in a harmonious relationship. Meditation is supposed to overcome suffering, the mind focusing on changing the world of appearances and illusions. Controlling our desires without denying them altogether.
      - Buddhism could also be considered non-dualism because despite the distinctions made between the mind/body, internal/external, self/other ect. these ideas are based on the illusion of one's enduring self. The mind and body problem isn't real according to Buddhism because they are impermanent and uncertain features of our experience.
    - - Anatman; your soul isn't your personality (There is a self within)
      - The body is driven by desire to preserve and please a physical state. However, the must be focused on a larger truth called 'Samsara', being aware of the illusion of life. Discipline of the mind and mastery of the body works towards an enlightened state.
      - The soul can be reborn or reincarnated. Your reborn to a higher class. Life and consciousness continues after death.
  - - - Using Socrates as a character in his dialogue, Plato outlines his arguments for the immortality of the soul and its distinction from the body.
        
        2) Recollection argument: Knowledge is derived from what we already have known in our past life-it is to be recollected. The knowledge thus gained is evidence that the soul has lived before and is immortal.
        
        This argument is based of the idea of the realm of forms, where all versions of perfect beings exist. Our soul comes from the realm of forms and will return there when we die. This is the reason we have the image of perfection in our minds.
        
        3) Affinity argument: The soul has closest resemblance to things invisible, unchanging, uniform, intelligible, and things things that do not die. The body by contrast has closest resemblance to thins visible and changing , varied, non-intelligible, and mortal. Therefore, the body will die, but the soul will not.
        
        1)Opposites and cycles: Life and death are opposites. One state emerges from the other in a cycle. Since the living are born are from the dead, the souls of the dead must still exist after dead. The soul is immortal.
        
        These argument are sooooooo full of assumptions.
        
        How do we know life and death are opposites and locked in a cyclical process? What proof is there that there is an unbroken cycle?
        
        How do we know the soul is immortal and has experienced another life? These ideas could be implanted in our head by a God(weird argument). Or maybe people are selfish and life preserving by nature, therefore they want to hold on to the idea of life after their death in order to be comforted. (ignorance is bliss).
    - - 1) "this is not a pipe." You cannot seperate the idea and the form. This refers to Plato's realm of forms and how all objects in the world are reflections of the 'perfect' version found in the realm of forms.
      - 2) Some things have more soul than others. This refers to Aristotles 'Chain of being' Which implies that different beings within the world have more soul. Plants have a vegetive soul. Animals have a vegetive and a sensitive soul. Humans have a vegetive, sensitive and rational soul.