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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (decreased is through the use of…
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation
(very important role in development)
Through
1.spontaneous interest
2.playful engagement
3.exploration of one's environment
one's capacities are stretched, new skills are acquired and mastered, and knowledge is expanded
intrinsic motivation is an important process underlying cognitive, affective, and motor development.
Opportunities to express competence impacts intrinsic motivation.
either simple or overly challenging limit opportunities for competence.
contexts that provide structure
rationale for behavior
meaningful feedback to guide behavior support the need for competence
allow greater opportunities
intrinsic interests to flourish
importance of intrinsic motivation to engagement with and success in school
schoolwork with more interest, curiosity, independence, and desire for challenge in the classroom, as well as with better cognitive performance at complex tasks.
Studies have shown that focusing on the interest in materials (fostering intrinsic motivation) is associated with higher learning.
decreased is through the use of rewards as a means to motivate
diminish intrinsic motivation
threats of punishment, external evaluations, imposed deadlines, imposed goals, and symbolic awards, all of which can diminish the experience of autonomy, have also been shown
enhanced intrinsic motivation
providing choice and acknowledging feelings, which conduce to fostering autonomy, have been associated
important during adolescence
(Intrinsic motivation)
intrinsic motivation for school often declines for many adolescents.
teachers
Studies have shown that teachers who are autonomy supportive foster greater intrinsic motivation, curiosity, and desire for challenge in students.
teachers are more controlling
1.used contingencies,
2.rewards and punishments,
3.social comparisons,
4.external praise, or pressure
students showed lower mastery motivation, lower confidence in their abilities, and lower self-worth.
(teachers who are more controlling orientation had students who became less intrinsically motivated and who and self-esteem over the early course of the school year.)
diminishment in intrinsic motivation is particularly evident in adolescence
many middle schools and junior highs place greater emphasis on teacher control and discipline, and the use of rewards or other contingencies to control behavior.
teachers more discipline and control, and were less trustworthy
teachers, and schools as a means to "motivate" performance.