Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pathology: Neoplasia (AIN (anal condyloma & Intraepithelial neoplasm),…
-
80-85% sporadic a/w high fat diet, red meat, alcohol, obesity
15% FAP or HNPCC (lynch)
FAP= APC mutation; A.D. 75%; 100% CRC by age 50---> so, tx is prophylactic colectomy
HNPCC=Lynch Syndrome= MMR mutation; younger its, increased risk for CRC, endometrial, ovarian, brain, pancreatic, stomach, skin cxs
<10% of its due to vasoactive substances secreted by tumor cells into systemic circ (usu, liver will break these substances down via first pass metab)
Sx= flushing, sweating, bronchospasm, colicky ab pain, right sd cardiac valve fibrosis
upper 2/3 eso; RF include smoking, alcohol, spicy food; KERATIN PEARLS & DESMOSOMES; met to liver, lungs, nodes & adj. structures---> poor prognosis
more common; lower 1/3 eso; from Barrett; met to regional nodes, liver, lungs---> poor prognosis
-complication of GERD
-LE intestinal metaplasia (simple columnar w/ goblet cells w/ basal nuclei)
-metaplasia- low to high grade dysplasia- invasion beyond BM to lamina propria (carcinoma)
-a/w increased risk for ego adenocarcinoma
-
-
signet ring cells; infiltrative growth or ulcer; linitis plastica= signet cells infiltrate wall and cause fibrosis/stiffening
Sx: sim to PUD, melena, late dx;
-lesser curvature of antrum
-gastric dysplasia & adenomas w/ intestinal metaplasia
causes? H. pylori,/smoked and BBQ food
-
-
loss of mucin---> increased N:C ratio; can be tubular, tubulovillous or villous
pedunculated; right colon, large, involves dana meth/gene mutation
-
-
proximal SI, stomach, colon;
a/w Peutz-Jsegher's syndrome; STKII tumor suppressor; a/w mucocutaneous pigmentation, intussusception, risk of cx
-
large, gelatinous, polypoid mass; rectum- villous adenomas, chronic UC, prior radiation therapy; poor survival if mucinous
-
sx determine day hormones produced; well diff, less aggressive, homogenous
-foregut doesn't produce hormones (stomach and eso therefore known as nonfxal tumors)
-most commonly in appendix
benign, smooth m, well-circumscribed, design stain bc smooth m, often asymptomatic
arises from interstitial cells of canal; SI, stomach, eso, colon;
driven by C-KIT mutation; TX w/ gleevec, resection
-
-
mesenteric nodes, liver, peritoneum (sigmoid and transverse colon are connected to mesentery so must remove that too)
genetic test, occult blood, ends, polypectomy