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Ionisation Energy (Key Points: (Ionisation energies are always measured…
Ionisation Energy
Key Points:
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The lower the ionisation energy, the easier it is to form an ion
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First Ionisation Energy
"The minimum energy required to remove one electron from each atom of one mole of gaseous ions to from one mole of gaseous 1+ ions"
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Second Ionisation Energy
"The minimum energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions"
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Proof of shell structure
Within each shell, successive ionisation energies increase. This is because electrons are being removed from an increasingly positive ion- there's less repulsion between the remaining electrons so they are held more strongly by the nucleus
The big jumps in ionisation energy happen when a new shell is broken into- an electron is being removed from a shell closer to the nucleus
Anomalies
The repulsion between two electrons in one orbital lowers the ionisation energy as it is easier to remove one of the electrons.
There are sometimes drops in ionisation energy, because the outermost electron is situated in a shell further away from the nucleus than the previous one, making it easer to remove and thus lowering the ionisation energy
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