Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Bacteria and Archaea (Structure and Function (Mobility (Flagella (motor…

- - - - More Peptidoglycan Less Complex
    - - Less Peptidoglycan More Complex More Toxic
        
        More resistant to antibiotics
    - - technique to to categorize cells by cell wall composition
        
        cyrstal violet dye, iodine, alcohol, red dye (safranin)
        
        Gram Staining has medical field benefits
  - - - Not organized- Slime Wall
        
        Shield from dehydration and attacks from host's immune system
      - Organized- Capsule
      - Endospores
        
        Harsh conditions cause bacteria to develop cells
        
        lack of essential nutrients
        
        lack of water
        
        Cell wraps chromosome in multi-layered structure
        
        Cell lyses and releases endospore and metabolism halts
        
        Durable and can survive dormant for centuries (in less hostile areas)
  - - - Hairlike appendages short and abundant
        
        contain protein
    - - Longer and less numerous than fimbriae
      - can be referred to as sex pili
        
        used by cell to pull together and transfer DNA between cells
    - - 1/2 of pkts can do taxis
        
        direct movement away or toward a stimulus
        
        Chemotaxis
        
        Positive Chemotaxis
        
        move towards nutrients or o2
        
        Negative Chemotaxis
        
        move away from a toxic substance
    - - motor
        
        Flagella composed of 42 different proteins
        
        Only 21 proteins necessary for function
      - hook
      - filament
  - - - small rings of independently replicating DNA
- - - - must use o2 for cellular respiration and cannot grow w/o it
      - Anaerobic Respiration
        
        extract chemical energy through substances other than o2, nitratre ions, sulfate ions
    - - use o2 if present but dont need it
  - - - Heterocysts
        
        Cells inside photosynthetic cells that carry out nitrogen fixation
        
        have a thicker cell wall to keep out o2
      - Biofilms
        
        cells secrete signal molecules that tell other cells to join
        
        surface coating colonies
- - - - Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens
- - - - Conjugation
        
        2 pkt cells are temporarily joined
        
        one recipient
        
        one donor
        
        Pilus attaches cells "mating bridge"
        
        DNA is thought to transfer through hollow pilus
- - - - Replaces own allele with foreign allele
        
        Chromosome has DNA from 2 different cells
- - - - Like the lake in figure 27.1 is overly salty and full of halophiles
  - - - Can live in Moderate
      - Can live in extreme