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domains (archaea (Features shared with eukaryotes (Quail chromosomes,…

- - - - ex. Crenarchaeota
- - - - double membraned 'sac like' organelles, generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of food
        
        chromoplasts
        
        leucoplasts
        
        chloroplasts
      - eukarya got this trait from bacteria
    - - @ wetlands, fresh water, oceans, and soil
      - ONLY prokaryotes to make oxygen
    - - uses ultraviolet and infrared red when there is no sunlight
      - chlorophyll A: fix nitrogen
        
        internal membrane
    - - heterocyst: nitrogen fixation
        
        aerobic
        
        product: ammonia
      - endospores/ akinetes
        
        veggie cells
        
        @ lake mary
        
        Endospores
        
        Released when the enclosing cell dies
        
        long dormant span
        
        DNA enclosed within a tough protein coat
        
        gram + bacteria
        
        Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani
        
        Anthracis:
        
        reproduce when they reach the bloodstream
        
        Botulinim: canning
        
        160 C to kill everything
        
        should look concave
        
        endospores make them more dangerous
        
        akinetes
        
        large, thick-waled, food-filled cells
        
        develop at winter
        
        @ aquatic filamentous cyanobacteria
  - - - Human pathogens
        
        Vibrio cholerae - cholera epidemics
        
        Salmonella and Escherichia coli- food poisoning
        
        Neisseria gonorrhoeae- the STD gonorrhea
    - - Colony-forming myxobacteria
      - Predatory bdellovibrios can drill into cell walls of other bacteria
    - - Nitrosomonas: @ soil
      - important for global nitrogen cycle
    - - Milk was the cure before discovery
        "Stress caused it "
      - Helicobacter pylori- increases risk of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer
        
        multiple flagellum
    - - oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP
      - Rhizobium: root nodules in bean fam
        
        help plants grow
        
        he used legumes
      - Related to ancestors of mitochondria
  - - - @ fish
      - bioluminescence to attract fish
    - - gram -
      - motile
      - chemoheterotrophic
      - helicopter flagella
      - Lyme disease, UR, Borrelia sp, Treponema sp (syphilis)
  - - - A flattened, platelike membranous region found in cyanobacterial cells and the chloroplasts of photosynthetic protists and plants; the location of the light reactions of photosynthesis
      - Photosystems 1 & 2
        
        conduct the process (a biochemical mechanism in plants by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
        
        involve different chlorophyll-protein complexes
    - - gemmata Obscuriglobus
      - lacks pores
      - start of the nucleus
- - - - Rhodophyta (red,the only one that absorbs blue/green light and reflects red light. Uses phycoerythrin pigment)
        -no competition
      - Chlorophyta- ancestor of plants, green algae ON TEST
      - Cryptophyta
      - Carnivorous plants
        
        snap traps: venus flytrap
        
        suction traps: bladderworts
        
        flypaper: sundews and butterworts
        
        pitfall traps: pitcher plants
        
        lobster pot traps: corkscrew plants
      - gymnosperms
      - angiosperms
    - - Ciliophora: have cilia
      - Dinozoa (Dinoflagellates): red tides (nitrogen fixation), bioluminescent, coral bleaching
        
        release chemicals that are toxic -- paralytic shellfish poisoning
        
        storm, a lot of activity
      - Apicomplexa
        
        Parasites like to change form
        
        Malaria
    - - disc-shaped mitochondrial cristae, feeding groove
        
        Giardia- drinking contaminated water // excessive diarrhea
        
        Naegleria fowleri- found in stagnant water, eats your brain, die within four days
        
        disease name: PAM
      - feeding groove: phagocytosis but it is unintentional
    - - Phaeophyta (brown algae).
      - Bacillariophyta(Diatoms): silica and glass cell walls
      - Oomycota: water molds (secrete enzymes to eat small food molecules, potato blight
        
        ireland- potato blight
        
        potato famine
    - - Choanoflagellates (collar + flagella)
        
        sponges
      - animalia
        
        cnidaria
        
        simple muscles and nerves (not from mesoderm so not true muscles)
        
        body forms
        
        sessile: polyp
        
        motile: medusa
        
        classes
        
        scyphozoa: jellyfish
        
        anthozoa: in coral, sea anemones
        
        colonial
        
        polyps
        
        anchored
        
        upper branching
        
        2 more items...
        
        anemones: solitary
        
        clownfish and anemones recognize e/o as the same animal
        
        nematocysts
        
        2 more items...
        
        corals
        
        tropical, shallow water
        
        1 more item...
        
        30-40% of fish population
        
        can be deep sea, cold water, dark (6k m down)
        
        4 more items...
        
        have rings like trees for age
        
        hydrozoa: portugese man of war, hydra
        
        venom is lethal bc they're ginorm
        
        cubozoa: box jellies, sea wasps
        
        Porifera
        
        lack true tissues/ nervous sytem
        
        asymmetric
      - fungi