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Tang_Ian_Block4_MM3 (Membranes (Structure (Cell membrane (Amphipathic…

- - - - Stabilization
    - - Amphipathic
        
        Peripheral is hydrophilic, polar
        
        Center is hydrophobic,nonpolar
      - Fluid mosaic model
        
        Proteins floating around the membrane by hydrophobic interactions.
        
        proteins have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
      - Selectively permeable
        
        Allows only small molecules through
    - - Peripheral proteins
        
        Signaling
      - Carbohydrates
        
        Identify molecules
      - Integral proteins
        
        Transmembrane protein
        
        Function
        
        Transport
        
        Ions
        
        nutrients
        
        require ATP when things need to go from low to high concentration
        
        Enzyme activities
        
        Communication
        
        a specific shape that fits the signal molecule
        
        cellular recognition
        
        Connections
        
        attract to cell cytoskeleton and their exoskeleton
        
        intecellular joining
        
        desdosome
        
        tight junction
        
        gap junction
  - - - No ATP
      - Different transports
        
        Diffusion
        
        going from high to low concentration, slow process
        
        Facilitated diffusion
        
        ions, building up a gradiant can close the transport channle
        
        due to different concentration of ions.
        
        Osmosis
        
        osmosregulation
        
        plant cell
        
        Isotonic
        
        No change in cell solidity due to equal concentration of solute
        
        Hypertonic
        
        Cell within the cell wall shrinks due to water going out of the cell to higher outside concentration of solute
        
        Hypotonic
        
        Cell does not swell since cell wall restricts expansion and also improve regidness
        
        animal cell
        
        Isotonic
        
        no change in cell shape
        
        Hypertonic
        
        cell shrinks due to intracellular fluid goes out to higher concentration of solute in the environment
        
        Hypotonic
        
        Cell swell due to higher concentration solute than the environment, so water comes into the cell
        
        since solute can not move through cell membrane, water move instead
    - - ATP
      - different transports
        
        Exocytosis
        
        transport things out of the cell through vesicles.
        
        as the vesicle comes near the membrane, it connects to the membrane and make the cell larger.
        
        anything inside the vesicle leaves the cell
        
        Endocytosis
        
        big stuff into the cell
        
        plasma membrane wraps around the cell and pinches together to create a vesicle
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        white blood cell
        
        consuming particle, bacteria
        
        Pinocytosis
        
        fluid consumption
        
        receptor mediated endocytosis
        
        requite signal to grab large about of the molecule
        
        Pumps
        
        Sodium potassium pump
        
        nerve cells
        
        control the concentration of soldium and potassium by put 3 sodium inside the cell on to the integral protein
        
        using power form ATP, we can push the sodium out of the cell
        
        after losing 3 sodium, 2 potassium from the outside binds to the protein and comes into the cell.
        
        the outside would be possitive and inside would be negative