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Pharyngeal Arches (Mesoderm of lateral wall of pharynx (Pharyngeal Arches…
Pharyngeal Arches
Mesoderm of lateral wall of pharynx
Pharyngeal Arches I-VI
(rostro-caudal sequence)
Core of Mesoderm
artery
nerve
Cartilage/muscle
Inner surface endoderm
Surface ectoderm
V and VI not visible externally
in humans V does not form/regresses rapidly
1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch)
Blood and nerve supply:
Maxillary artery
Maxillary + Mandibular br. of CN V
Skeletal Derivatives:
Meckel's Cartilage
Sphenomandibular ligament
Tympanic ring
Incus + Malleus (middle ear bones)
Muscles:
Tensor tympani
mylohyoid
Tensor veli palatini
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
anterior belly of digastric
2nd Pharyngeal arch (hyoid)
Blood and Nerve Supply:
Hyoid + stapedial artery
CN VII (facial nerve)
Skeletal Derivatives:
Reichert's Cartilage
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Stapes (bone of mid. ear)
Lesser horn, upper body of hyoid bone
Muscles:
Muscles of Facial Expression
Procerus
Nasalis
Corrugator supersilii
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator labii superioris
Orbicularis Oculi
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Risorius
Levator anguli oris
Orbicularis oris
Levator palpebral superioris
Buccinator
Mentalis
Frontalis and galea aponeurotica
Platysma
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
3rd Pharyngeal arch
Muscles
Stylopharyngeus
Skeletal Derivatives
Greater horn +
Lower body of hyoid
Blood and nerve supply
Internal carotid artery
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
IV-VI pharyngeal arches
Muscles
All muscles of the larynx
All muscles of the pharynx and soft palate (except stylopharyngeus and tensor palati)
Skeletal derivatives
laryngeal cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
Blood and nerve supply
For VI arch: ductus arteriosus + proximal pulmonaries
For IV arch: Superior laryngeal branch of vagus (X) ) (sensory + motor) + pharyngeal branch (motor)
For IV arch: Proximal right subclavian + arch of aorta
For VI arch: Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X) (sensory + motor)
1st Pharyngeal Groove/Cleft
b/w 1st and 2nd arches
External Auditory Meatus
Thin mesoderm b/w cleft 1 (ectoderm) and pouch one (endoderm) becomes tympanic mb (3 layers together)
2nd Pharyngeal groove/cleft
b/w 2nd + 3rd arches
Part of cervical sinus (temporary)
Clefts II-VI form the cervical sinus that is obliterated
3rd pharyngeal pouch b/w 3rd and 4th arches
Dorsal
inferior parathyroid gland (parathyroid III)
Ventral
Thymus
4th pouch b/w 4th + 5th arches
Dorsal
superior parathyroid gland (parathyroid VI)
Ventral
ultimobranchial body
parafollicular C cells (secrete calcitonin)
1st Pharyngeal Pouch
b/w 1st + 2nd arches
Middle ear + auditory tube (pharyngo-tympanic tube)
2nd Pharyngeal pouch
b/w 2nd + 3rd arches
Supratonsillar fossa
Palatine tonsil
