Organization
Physiology
Definition: Study of the FUNCTION of body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
8 Necessary Life Functions (MMRD MERG)
Anatomy
Definition: Study of the STRUCTURE of body parts and their relationship to one another
Levels of Structural Organization: atoms>molecules>macromolecules>organelles>single cell>tissues> organs>organ systems>organismal
Principle of Complementarity of structure and function: function reflects structure. Therefore anatomy and physiology are inseparable
Humans are multicellular so individual cells must be kept alive to function (organ systems are designed to service cells and all cells depend on organ system to meet their survival needs) There are 11 organ systems that work together to maintain life
Responsiveness: Ability to sense and respond to stimuli
Digestion: Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs > absorption of simple molecules into blood
Movement: Muscular system allows movement
Metabolism: All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
Maintaining Boundaries: separation between internal and external environments.
Excretion: Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
Reproduction
Growth: Increase in size of a body part of or an organism
Compartmentalization: to make sure reactions and system happen independently
Plasma membranes separate cells
Skin separates organism from environment
Skeletal muscles move body parts
Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle move substances like blood and digestion,urination respectively
Contractility refers to movement at the cellular level
Withdrawal reflex prevents injury
Control of breathing rate (depends on activity)
Sum of all catabolism (breakdown of molecules) and anabolism (synthesis of molecules)
Urea (from breakdown of proteins)
Feces (unabsorbed foods)
CO2 (From metabolism)
Cellular level: reproduction=division of cells for growth or repair
Organismal level: reproduction=production of offspring
Integumentary
Urinary
Reproductive
cardiovascular
Digestive
Lymphatic
Endocrine
respiratory
skeletal
muscular
nervous
Tissue: groups of cells similar in structure that perform common or related function. (MNEC) Muscular, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective
Histology: 😃 study of tissues
Individual body cells are specialized: each type performs specific functions that maintain homeostasis
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