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AO3 (The Blue's (instrumentation (guitar, harmonica, violin, banjo,…
AO3
The Blue's
work songs
instrumentation
guitar
harmonica
violin
banjo
piano
double bass
call and response lyrics and tone was sad or 'blue'
acoustic
blue's scale - 7 note scale flattening the 3rd, 5th and 7th
pitch bends are common
swinging offbeat rhythms
syncopation
backbeat where beats 2 and 4 are emphasised
12 bar blues structure - can be more bluesy by adding a minor 7th
12 bar blue's song has usually 3 lines for each verse with line 3 rhyming with lines 1 and 2
Jazz
Bebop
more complex harmonies and rhythms
fast
improvisation
less structured
irregular phrases
Instrumentation
scat singing
band leader
saxophones, trumpets, clarinets and trombones
12 bar blues (chords) I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, IV, I, I
swung and syncopated rhythms
blue's notes
call and response
improvisation
4/4 time
regular phrases with emphasis on the 1st and 3rd beats
triplets and dotted notes
ornaments
Folk
Instrumentation
small instruments
bag pipes, fiddle, accordian and whistle
contemporary = MIDI, live instruments and synthesizers
pentatonic scales
major = 12345 + 6
minor = 12345 + 7
simple tunes
improvisation
simple structure - strophic verse-verse
scotch snap rhythm/lombardic
drones = long held notes
compund time
repetitive and syncopated rhythms
slow harmonic rhythms
simple and primary chord sequences
Reggae/Fusions
ska
fusion of RnB and mento
dance music
jazz instruments
walking bassline
4/4 time
off beat rhythms
slower version of ska
electric and bass guitars
popular song form
offbeat syncopated rhythms
skanking
riff/ostinato
bassline + chords
4/4 time
African
Instrumentation
drums - accompniament, singing, dancing and working
djembe - played with hands and size of drum effects the pitch
dunduns - cyclindrical drums played with sticks
kenkeni - high pitched
sangban - mid-pitched
dundunba - low-pitched
donno - talking drum and if you squeeze the drum the pitch is higher
accapella singing with harmonies
thumb piano - liquid twangy sound
balafon - wooden xylophone with dried hollow gourds to make a warm mellow sound
kora - 21 strings and played by plucking, sounds like a harp
complex rhythmic cycles
accents on particular beats
polyrhythms and crossrhythms
syncopated
gradually develop throughout the piece
Latin American/Salsa
from son and big band jazz
Instrumentation
brass intruments
3-2 son clave rhythm or 2-3
inspriation from puerto tican, brazilian and african music
clave rhythm is the basic rhythm of salsa
structure = intro, verse, break, montuno/chorus, mambo/new musical material, montuno, outro
Caribbean
Calypso
syncopated and off beat rhythms
3-3-2 pattern - the last beat always shorter than the first 2
2/2 or 4/4 time
verse-chorus or strophic structure
mainly homophonic strcture (melody+accompniament)
polyphonic - counter melodies and melodies
Instrumentation
electric and acoustic guitars
latin american percussion (bongo/conga/claves/wood block)
steel pans
diminished 7ths added note chords (6ths, 7ths and 9ths)
call and response
loud (f/mf/ff)
improvisation
harmonies
Mento
acoustic guitar
similar to calypso
banjo
drums
rumba box
light-hearted lyrics
strophic form - verse-chorus
Son
maracas and bongos
syncopated with complex cross rhythms and polyrhythms
clave rhythm
brass intruments - trumpets
call and response (sonero and choro)
lyrics about love and life in Cuba