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Genetices (Monohybrid crosses (Monohybrid crosses with incomplete…
Genetices
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Mutations:
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The smallest mutatiokn, affecting the least amount of DNA is the point mutation
Cause of mutations
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Several that are important are certain chemicals, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and radiation from radioactive substances.
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Effects of Mutations
The effect and significance of mutation depends on it's nature, it's position, it's extent.
Test crosses
It is performed to discover an organism's genotype.
- If the trait has complete dominance, it is difficult to know what the genotype of any particular plant is unless the plant shows the recessive trait.
--Multiple alleles: - Each genes may have many alleles.
--A protein of average size consists of about 300 amino acids, so the coding portion of it's mRNA must have about 300 codons.
--The gene may exist in many forms called multiples genes.
-Dihybrid crosses is one in which two genes are studied and analyzed simultaneously rather than just one, as in a monohybrid cross.
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DNA repair processes
Certain mechanism recognize base mismatches, loops or other problems; other enzyme minimize the number of errors that occur in the first place.
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-Replication of DNA:
-DNA is replicated during S-Phase of the cell cycle
-Replicon: One strand of DNA double helix is cut, and the two strands separate from each other in a short region, forming a bubble
-DNA polymerase, DNA synthesizing enzyme
-Semiconservative replication: The method of replication in which each strand of DNA acts as the template for making the complementary strand.
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-It is the science of inheritance.
-The chemical basis of genetic inheritance is the gene.
-Alleles: Gene occur in multiple forms
-Genotype: The type of alleles in individual
-Phenotype: the expression of alleles in the individual
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