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Big Issues of Jackson's Presidency (Nullification Crisis (Why?…
Big Issues of Jackson's Presidency
Nullification Crisis
Why?
Jackson favored state's rights not disunion
South Carolina legislature declared increased tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) as unconstitutional
Nullification theory by Calhoun: each state has right to decide whether to obey a federal law or declare it null and void
Webster-Hayne Debate
Jackson declared that the federal Union must be preserved
Webster attacked idea that any state could defy or leave Union
South Carolina
Increased tension by holding a convention to nullify the 1828 and 1832 tariffs and a resolution to forbid collection of tariffs
Jackson told secretary of war to prepare for military action and passed a Force Bill giving him authority to act against the state
Issued Proclamation to people of South Carolina stated nullification and disunion were treason
Jackson's Final Response
Compromise by lowering tariff and South Carolina postponed nullification and rescinded it
Militant advocate's of states' rights retreated and militant southerners gained his support as he shared alar about antislavery movement in North
Indian Removal Act
What?
Act forced resettlement of thousands of American Indians
Effects
Most eastern tribes complied and moved west
Creation of Bureau of Indian Affairs to assist relocated tribes
Why?
Sympathized with land-hungry citizens who were impatient to take over American Indian land
Though most humane solution was to compel American Indians to leave and relocate west of the Mississippi
Support
Georgia and other states passed laws requiring Cherokees to move west
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: Cherokees lost in Supreme Court as they were not a foreign nation and did not have right to sue in federal court
Worcester v. Georgia: ruled laws of Georgia had no force within Cherokee territory
Battle with the B.U.S.
Suspicion
Biddle's arrogance added to suspicion that bank abused its power and served only the wealthy's interests
Jackson shared suspicion and viewed it as unconstitutional
Bank of the United States
Privately owned but received federal deposits and served a public purpose of cushioning effects of changing economy
President: Nicholas Biddle effectively managed it
Opposition
Clay favored bank and challenged Jackson on bank issue by persuading Congress to pass a bank-recharter bill
Jackson vetoed because viewed as aiding wealthy and foreigners at the expense of common people
Voters agreed with Jackson and he won reelection