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Jackson's Presidency (Issues with the National Bank (Jackson also…
Jackson's Presidency
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The Nullification Crisis
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In 1832, Calhoun's South Carolina held a special convention to nullify the 1828 tariff and a new tariff of 1832. The convention passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs within the state
This proved John C. Calhoun's nullification theory that each state had the right to decide whether to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void
Jackson initially reacted hastily wanting to take military action against South Carolina, but eventually convinced Congress to lower the tax
In 1828, South Carolina declared the increased tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations), to be unconstitutional
The resolution of the nullification crisis in favour of the federal government helped to undermine the nullification doctrine, the constitutional theory that upheld the right of states to nullify federal acts within their boundaries.
The doctrine of nullification had been advocated by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798–99.
The union was a compact of sovereign states, Jefferson asserted, and the federal government was their agent with certain specified, delegated powers. The states retained the authority to determine when the federal government exceeded its powers, and they could declare acts to be “void and of no force” in their jurisdictions.
Indian Removal Act
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By 1835 most eastern tribes had complied and moved west and in 1836 The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created to held resettle tribes
Jackson believed that the most humane solution was to compel the Native Americans to move and resettle in the West
Georgia and other states passed laws requiring the Cherokees to migrate to the West. The Cherokees chaallegened Georgia in the courts, and in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia in 1831, and the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokees were not a foreign nation with the right to sue in federal court
Jackson sympathized with citizens who were impatient and wanted to take over the lands of Native Americans
authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders.
Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this forced march, which became known as the "Trail of Tears."