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Genetics (Science of Inheritance) (Mutation (Any change in DNA) (Different…
Genetics (Science of Inheritance)
Mutation (Any change in DNA)
Different kind of Mutation
Point Mutation (Smallest mutation, affecting the
least amount of DNA)
Deletion (Piece of DNA is lost)
Insertion (Addition of extra DNA)
Inversion (DNA tangled and breaks, and during repair, it is put in backward)
Causes of Mutation
Mutagen is something that causes mutation
Certain chemicals, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and radiation from radioactive substances
Effects of Mutation
Depends on Nature, its Position, and its Extent
Somatic Mutation (Mutation that happen in cells that never lead to sex cells)
DNA Repair Process
Mutation occur in genes that code for repair enzymes causing serious problem
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Caused by inability to repair mutations caused by ultraviolet ray
Monohybrid Crosses
Monohybrid Crosses with Incomplete Dominance
Only single character is analyzed and studied
Genetic Symbol
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Crossing Heterozygotes with Themselves (When Plant's own pollen is used to fertilize its own , the cross is a selfing)
Plant can be selfed by being crossed with another plant with exactly the same genotype
Punnett Square
Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance
Dominant
Recessive
Test Cross
Genotype can be revealed by a test cross
Mutiple Alleles (Gene may exist in any forms,
called multiple alleles
Alleles
Plants would be identical physically but virtually all genes occur in multiple forms
Genotype
Types of alleles that a single individual has
Phenotype
The expression of alleles in the individual's size, shape or metabolism
Dihybrid Crosses
Genes on Separate
Chromosomes:
Independent Assortment
Crossing Over
Genes on the Same Chromosomes: Linkage
Multiple Genes for one Character:
Quantitative Trait Loci
Other Aspects Of Inheritance
Maternal Inheritance
Biparental Inheritance
Uniparental Inheritance
Lethal Alleles
Multiple set of Chromosomes and Gene Families
Replication of DNA
