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GRAMMATICAL MEANING (Lexical meaning is concrete, grammatical meaning…
GRAMMATICAL MEANING
Lexical meaning is concrete, grammatical meaning abstract [H.Sweet]
Grammatical meaning = characteristic of whole classes of words
Grammatical meaning is always realized in this or that form
TYPES OF GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES
Overt: go - goes
Covered: man – men
Discontinuous: go – is going
Suppletive: good - better
Zero: sheep - sheep
TYPES OF GRAMMATICAL FORMS
SYNTHETIC FORMS
AFFIXATION
analytical
zero exponents (singular nouns, positive degree in adjectives)
homonymous suffixes
SOUND INTERCHANGE
number of nouns
degrees of comparison of adjectives
cases and numbers of pronouns
main forms of irregular verbs
SUPPLETIVE FORMS
different roots
ANALYTICAL FORMS
a notional word + an auxiliary word
a very productive way of form building
MORPHOLOGICAL UNITS
The morpheme
is the lowest grammatical unit.
The word
(a free naming unit) and its
grammeme