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ANCIEN RÉGIME (THE ENLIGHTENMENT (Main principles (Progress (Use of reason…

- - - - Structures of Ancien Régime
    - - New ideas
        
        Spread through
        
        Books
        
        Schools
        
        Periodicals
        
        Special academies
        
        Newspapers
        
        Enlightenment thinkers
        
        Meetings
        
        In salons
        
        Collection of writings
        
        Encyclopaedia
        
        Philosophy
        
        Art
        
        Science
        
        Grammar
    - - Combat ignorance
      - Change society
      - Promote social progress
  - - - Source of knowledge
    - - Learn and share
        
        Educate society
    - - Use of reason
        
        Perfect society
      - Scientific improvements
    - - Legal rights
      - Freedom
    - - Right
        
        To be happy
      - Duty
  - - - Group of intellectuals
        
        Physiocrats
        
        Rejected Mercantilism
        
        No interference in
        
        Trade
        
        By the state
        
        Other economic activities
        
        Argued
        
        Agriculture
        
        Source of wealth
    - - Criticised
        
        Social inequalities
      - Argued
        
        No privileges
        
        To any social group
    - - Voltaire
        
        Criticised
        
        Absolutism
        
        Religious dogmatism
        
        Favoured
        
        Strong monarchy
        
        Supported
        
        Separation of powers
      - Rousseau
        
        Established
        
        The basis of
        
        Democracy
        
        Introduced
        
        The idea of
        
        Popular sovereignty
      - Montesquieu
        
        Defended
        
        Division of powers
        
        Executive
        
        Judicial
        
        Legislative
        
        Analysed
        
        Political systems
        
        English Parliamentarism
        
        Best one
  - - - European countries
        
        18th Century
    - - Centralised governments
        
        Consolidate power
        
        Implement policies
      - Enlightened thinkers
        
        Appointed to
        
        Important positions
        
        To promote reform
      - Education
        
        Free people
        
        From ignorance
        
        Improve country's
        
        Wealth
        
        Prosperity
        
        Improve people's
        
        Quality of life
      - Attacked
        
        Privileged people's idlnesses
        
        Defending
        
        Revalorisation of work
      - Had control over
        
        Church's power
    - - Improve
        
        People's quality of life
        
        Combaning
        
        Enlightenment ideas
        
        Absolute monarchy
      - Modernise
        
        The country
    - - Joseph II of Austria
      - Frederick the Great of Prussia
      - Carlos III of Spain
      - Catherine the Great of Russia
    - - Didn't succeed
        
        Because of
        
        Not guaranteeing
        
        Freedom
        
        Equality
        
        Maintaining priviledges
        
        Of the estates system
- - - - 1800
        
        146 million people
        
        Due to
        
        Hygiene and nutrition improvements
        
        Less epidemics
        
        Scientific advances
      - 1700
        
        95 million people
    - - Enlightenment thinkers
        
        Reforms
        
        Bourgeoisie
        
        Influenced by ideas
        
        Value of work
        
        Progress
        
        Protested against
        
        Clergy's
        
        Nobility's
        
        Priviledges
        
        Despots
        
        Limit influence of
        
        Clergy
        
        Buildings
        
        1 more item...
        
        Convents
        
        1 more item...
        
        Church lands
        
        1 more item...
        
        Nobility
        
        Peasants
        
        Their living conditions
        
        Didn't improve
        
        Earned extra money
        
        Domestic system
        
        Criticised
        
        Social
        
        Influence of
        
        Clergy
        
        1 more item...
        
        Nobility
        
        1 more item...
        
        Economical
  - - - Enlightened monarchs
        
        Crafts
        
        Population growth
        
        Increase in demand
        
        Royal manufacturers
        
        Workshops
        
        1 more item...
        
        Domestic system
        
        Textiles
        
        Peasants
        
        1 more item...
        
        Rural areas
        
        Commerce
        
        Domestic trade
        
        Limited
        
        Inadequate transportation systems
        
        Canals were built
        
        Ports modernised
        
        New roads
        
        International trade
        
        Intensified
        
        Triangular trade routes
        
        Africa
        
        1 more item...
        
        America
        
        4 more items...
        
        Europe
        
        2 more items...
        
        Agriculture
        
        Harvest improved
        
        Repopulation
        
        Increased production
        
        New machinery
        
        Increased productivity
        
        Agricultural techniques
        
        Crop rotation
        
        New crops
        
        Corn
        
        Potatoes
- - - - Wanted to use
        
        Science
        
        To
        
        Reform society
        
        Combat ignorance
        
        Education
        
        Reason
      - New ideas
        
        Trasform structures
        
        3 estates of the realm
        
        Bourgeoisie
        
        Wealthier
        
        Wanted more political power
        
        Economic expansion
        
        New forms of
        
        Commerce
        
        Industry
        
        Artistic styles
        
        Artists
        
        Sponsored by
        
        Nobility
        
        Bourgeoisie
        
        Monarchs
        
        Reflected
        
        Tastes
        
        Upper classes
        
        Reforms
        
        From monarchs
        
        Absolute monarchs
        
        Didn't let
        
        Choosing the government
        
        Social reforms
        
        Improve people's lives
- - - - Ideas spread through
        
        Schools for applied arts
        
        Primary schools
      - New museums
    - - ROCOCO
        
        Sculpture
        
        Small
        
        Joyful themes
        
        Mythological themes
        
        Painting
        
        Pastel colours
        
        Rural festivals
        
        Domestic scenes
        
        Mythological themes
        
        Architecture
        
        Very decorated
        
        Seashells
        
        Arches
        
        Curves
        
        Luxurious palaces
        
        Europe
        
        From
        
        1730s
        
        To
        
        1760s
        
        1 more item...
      - NEOCLASSICISM
        
        Europe
        
        From
        
        1760s
        
        To
        
        1830s
        
        1 more item...
        
        Monarchs
        
        Remodelled cities
        
        Beautify them
        
        Improve people's quality of life
        
        Modernise them
        
        Paintings
        
        People
        
        looked like statues
        
        Represented
        
        Historical themes
        
        Idealising famous people
        
        Mythological themes
        
        Architecture
        
        Well-proportioned
        
        Classical elements
        
        Domes
        
        Rounded arches
        
        Colums
        
        Sculpture
        
        Made of marble
        
        Represented
        
        Historical themes
        
        Famous people
        
        Mythological themes