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Chapter 16 (Mutations (deletion (which a part of a chromosome or a…
Chapter 16
Mutations
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mutagen
an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.
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deletion
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Any number of nucleotides can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of chromosome.
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inversion
An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
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the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
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somatic mutations
genetic alteration acquired by a cell that can be passed to the progeny of the mutated cell in the course of cell division
If these somatic mutations persist within the cell ineage, they may be inherited through gametes.
Dihybrid Crosses
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Mendel found that independent assortment is what really happens. He therefore came up with the law of independent assortment which states that alleles of different genes assort independently from one another during gamete formation
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Monohybrid cross
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incomplete dominance
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A snapdragon flower that is pink as a result of cross-pollination between a red flower and a white flower when neither the white or the red alleles are dominant.
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Gregor Mendel had a 1:2:1 ratio # #
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summary
alleles
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one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
genetics
Gregor Mendel founder of genetics #
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phenotype
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metabolism, size and shape
Replication of DNA
base strands of DNA
ribonucleotides
primers
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A primer is a short single strand of RNA or DNA (generally about 18-22 bases) that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis.
required for DNA replication because the enzymes that catalyze this process, DNA polymerases, can only add new nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA.
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A replicon is a DNA molecule or RNA molecule, or a region of DNA or RNA, that replicates from a single origin of replication.
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