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Genetics (Monohybrid Crosses (Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance…
Genetics
Monohybrid Crosses
Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance
Dominant and recessive
Two effective alleles over one
Test Crosses
Pure-bred lines
Discover genotype
Crossing Heterozygotes with Themselves
Gregor Mendel
Plant fertilizes itself/selfed
Multiple Alleles
Genes are polymorphic
Concept of dominance is more complex
Monohybrid Crosses with Incomplete Dominance
Neither parental trait dominates the other
Parental Generation
Mutations
Effects of Mutations
Almost always harmful
Proteins cannot function
Genes code for the wrong proteins
Somatic Mutations
Never lead to sex cells
Affect small portion of plant
Causes of Mutations
transposable elements
Mutagen
DNA Repair Processes
Recognize and remove mutations
Can't be perfect/ natural selection
Replication of DNA
Replication fork and ligation
Mitosis or meiosis
Dihybrid Crosses
Genes on the Same Chromosome: Linkage
Recombinant chromosomes
Parental type chromosomes
map unit
Crossing-Over
Farther apart genes are greater possibility of cross-over
If to close crossing-over won't occur
Genes on Separate Chromosomes: Independent Assortment
Genes move independently
Equal opportunity in reproduction
Other Aspects of Inheritance
Lethal Alleles
Affects Basic metabolic functions
Gametophyte dies w/o producing egg or sperm the allele is eliminated
Multiple Sets of Chromosomes and Gene Families
Polyploid
Nondisjunction
Paralogs
Maternal Inheritance
Pollen Parent and Ovule parent
Genomes of plastids contain genes for several enzymes
Multiple Genes for One Character
Synthetic Pathways
Several Genes may affect single trait
Pleiotropic effects
