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Nervous system Gillian Maxson (Senses (Eye (Retina- bone colored area…
Nervous system
Gillian Maxson
Senses
Origin
Exterorecptors- origin is from the environment
Interoreceptors- origin of stimulus is from an internal organ
Stimulus Type
Thermoreceptors- temperature
Photoreceptors- Light
Chemoreceptors- Chemical
Nociceptor- pain
Mechanorecptor- touch, pressure, vibration
Eye
Passageway- Cornea > Lens > Retina > Optic nerve >
Optic Chaism > Optic tract > Midbrain >Thalamus > Primary Visual Cortex
Sclera- white part- anchor for extrinsic eye muscles
Cornea- Clear part that allows light into the eye
Retina- bone colored area that have rods and cones
rods- most abundant- help sees shapes/ light and dark
Cones- for color vision
Lens- focuses light on retina
Iris-dilates the pupil
Optic disc- blind spot
Macula Lutea/ Fovea Centralis- spot of clearest vision
Nose
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with olfactory sensory neurons
Path- Olfactory Nerves > Olfactory Bulbs > Olfactory Tract > both to limbic region and primary Olfactory cortex in temporal lobe
Taste
Tastebuds- tongue, inner cheek,palate, Pharynx,epiglottis
Tastebuds> 3 Cranial Nerves> Medulla Oblongta > Thalamus >primary Gustatory cortex
Ear
Tympanic membrane- border between outer and inner ear
Path- Spiral organ> cochlear Branch of CN VII> Temporal lobe
Nervous Sytem organization
CNS
Takes in information and produces a response accordingly
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
PNS
Nerves and ganglia outside of brain and spinal cord
To connect the limbs to the CNS as quickly as possible
Somatic
Voluntary control through skeletal muscles
Autonomic
Controls visceral functions we are unconscious of
Neurons
Components
Cell body
Nucleus and nucleolus
Dendrites
Axon
Axon Hillock
Structural types
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Functional types
Motor neurons -carry impulse from CNS to PNS to create an action
Sensory- Carry message from limbs/PNS to the CNS
Interneurons - link to create a complex neural pathway
Anatomy of nervous system
Nerve components
Axon
Ednonurium
Perinurium
Epinurium
Myelin sheath
Glial cells
PNS
Schwann cells provide insulation
Satellite- the astrocytes of the PNS
CNS
Astrocytes - regulate neurotransmitter levels by increasing uptake / increase blood flow during high neural activity
Microglia - migrate to and engulf alien, injured or dead neurons
Oliggodendrocytes - produce myelin sheath