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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (INFLUENCES ON EXTERNAL RESPIRTATION (Partial Pressures…

- - - - anything that decreases the partial pressure gradient decreases the rate of external respiration
      - anything that increases the partial pressure gradient increases the rate of external respiration
    - - If the gas can’t get through the alveolar fluid, it won’t be able to get to the respiratory membrane to diffuse through. This will decrease the rate of external respiration
  - - - perfusion is altered by changing arteriole diameter
        
        any condition that causes a mismatching of these two conditions will decrease the rate of external respiration
    - - ventilation is altered by changing bronchiole diameter
- - - - [3] Elastic lungs recoil passively; intrapulmonary volume decreases.
        
        [4] Intrapulmonary pressure rises
        
        [5] Air (gases) flows out of lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0.
- - - - [3] Lungs are stretched; intrapulmonary volume increases
        
        [4] Intrapulmonary pressure drops
        
        [5] Air (gases) flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0 (equal to atmospheric pressure)
- - - - Function
        
        thin-walled air sacs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream.
    - - Function
        
        single layer of squamous epithelial cells, surrounded by a flimsy basement membrane. Type I alveolar cells comprise the major gas exchange surface of the alveolus and are integral to the maintenance of the permeability barrier function of the alveolar membrane.
    - - Function
        
        where the respiratory zone begins as the terminal bronchioles are where the the scattered alveoli are protruding from the smallest of bronchioles
    - - Function
        
        Type II pneumocytes are the progenitors of type 1 cells and are responsible for surfactant production and homeostasis.
    - - Function
        
        terminal clusters of alveoli which are the cells that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
    - - Function
        
        They function as a means of collateral ventilation; that is, if the lung is partially deflated, ventilation can occur to some extent through these pores. They also allow air to pass through, this provides collateral ventilation and even distribution of air to the alveoli.
    - - Function
        
        walls consist of diffusely arranged rings of smooth muscle cells, connective fibers, and out pocketing alveoli. They assist the alveoli in their function by collecting the air that has been inhaled and transported through the tract, and dispersing it to the alveoli in the alveolar sac.