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Markers in systemic infection (Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) (Function (Most…
Markers in systemic infection
Plasma protein electrophoresis
Major protein
พบในการทำ electrophoresis
Albumin
Alpha1-antitrypsin
Alpha2-Macroglobulin
Haptoglobin
Beta-lipoprotein
Transferrin
C3
Immunoglobulins
Minor protein
ไม่พบ
Ceruloplasmin
C-reactive protein
Prealbumin
Protease inhibitors
Negative acute-phase proteins
Decrease level when inflammation
Albumin
Transferrin
Transthyretin
Transcortin
Retinol-binding protein
Prealbumin (transthyretin)
Function
Thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA)
Retinol-binding protein (RBP)
Transportation vitA
Early
indicator of
nutritional status
Decrease levels
Liver damage
Malnutrition
Increase levels
Hodgkin disease
Pregnancy
Kidney disease
Albumin
Function
Colloidal osmotic pressure
Mobile amino acids
Transport protein
สารไม่ละลายน้ำ
Bilirubin
Penicillin
Cortisol
Fatty acids
Increased levels
Dehydration
Transferrin
Function
Trasnport ferric ions to BM
Antibactierial effect
Removing ion from bact. that require iron for growth
Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT)
Function
Most important
protease inh.
Inhibits trypsin and elastase
Preventing inappropriately response to inflammation
Genetics
SERPINA1 gene on chromosome 14
Variant
M
Wild type
Normal AAT levels
S and Z
Homozygous ZZ
Severe pulmonary and hapatic disease very early life
SS and SZ
Lung disease
Absence protease inh.
Elastase damage to lung tissue
Emphysema
Liver disease
Accumulation AAT at liver
Increased levels
Inflammation
Decreased levels
Emphysema
Cirrhosis
Ceruloplasmin (Cer, Cp)
Function
Copper-carrying protein
To exhibit
ferroxidase
Change Fe2+ —> Fe3+
Decreased levels
Wilson’s disease
Cirrhosis, brain
Cornea
kayser-fleischer ring
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Function
Binds to C-polysacharide of pneumococcus
Opsonin
Binds to phosphocholine on surface of
dead cells or bact.
Scavenger protein
Activated phagocytosis
Increase levels
Esp. Bacterial
infection
Inflammation
Haptoglobin (HAP, Hp)
Function
Carrier for free Hb
Decreased levels
Intravascular hemolysis
Megaloblastic anemia
Increased levels
Inflammation
Non-acute phase proteins
Procalcitonin (PCT)
Function
Precursor of calcitonin
Increased levels
มากกว่า 2.0 ng/mL
Esp. Bacterial
infection
Menigitis or sepsis
Guide for antibiotic treatment
Half life สั้นกว่า CRP
ถ้ายังสูงอยู่ให้เปลี่ยนยา
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL)
Function
Bound to gelatinase in granules of neutrophils
Increased levels
Acute and chronic kidney disease
AKI