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PSBR mindmap (WildCRU A) (Response (VR: Adopt eco-friendly lifestyle (JAA:…
PSBR mindmap (WildCRU A)
Pressure
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Bui:
- Natural disasters (flood, typhoon, coastal erosion,...)
- Bad human behaviours.
- High pressure from economic development (tourism,...)
- No waste water treatment.
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VR: Agricultural intensification and monoculture practice (such as palm oil cultivation in south-east Asia); mining
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Benefit
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MC: Increase in Fishery Productivity and Wild Population, Encourages Human-Crocodile Coexistence, Economic Livelihood through Ecotourism
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Jia Min:
implications of biodiversity loss
- a climate of fear between people and wildlife (i.e. we cannot go close to them, we cannot go off the trail)
- loss of pollinators/seed dispersers for rare native plants
- reduced genetic pool
benefits
- increased gene pool
- development of human-nature relationships
- more resilient ecosystem
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Bui: Sustainable tourism and development
- Improve coral reef and mangrove forest ecosystem health
- Increase tourist satisfaction.
Evan L: Joy. Nature is inclusive regardless of someones personal wealth. We can all enjoy the sunset/sunrise, flowers in bloom or wildlife spectacles. In addition, many opportunities exist from restoring ecosystem services e.g. clean air, resources (e.g. fish) and eco tourism.
VR: Nature conservation helps fight back climate change by reducing carbon in the atmosphere and regulating earth's temperature (Carbon sequestration by the forests).
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Yi-Fan: reduced wildlife casualties help maintained the ecological balance (i.e. restoring predators help control rodent population-> reduced disease transmission, reduced crop loss...etc), economize medical resources, and reduced mechanical cost (from damage & repair)
VR: Enhanced biodiversity provides a variety of ecosystem services such as provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. Biodiversity loss will have a huge decline in the productivity of an ecosystem. The loss of biodiversity in this pace will have a long term impact on the planet's future.
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OOC: Huge implications on human livelihood (e.g seafoods is depleting >> food price increased + fishermen are losing income >> creating social issues + welfare)
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Lipei: Mangroves act as nursery for marine creatures and protect the coastlines. Dolphins and fireflies live in the area and surrounding waters. Sustainable ecotourism practices will thus lead to improved mangrove ecosystem health, higher tourist satisfaction & profitable local economy.
ANP: Managing the invasion of invasive alien species will alleviate the pressures to biodiversity loss and its impacts to human well being.
Response
MC: Establishment of Protected Habitats, Local Conservation Areas, and Sanctuaries
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Evan L: Cleaning up of waterways. Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened and if nature is given a chance it can rebound.
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VR: Indigenous people and their culture should be protected as they are the ones who live close to nature, depend and take care of nature. Their traditional knowledge teaches them to use the natural resources in a sustainable manner and conserve nature. They can teach us how to live in harmony with nature.
Bui:
- Designing and zoning an MPA
- Stakeholder-drive patrolling and enforcement
- Facilitating a co-management dialogue
- Establishing local management infrastructure
- Developing alternative livelihoods
- Conducting formal baseline and risk assessment
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VR: It is very important to carry out researches in order to develop necessary conservation strategies and conduct awareness and outreach programs along.
Yi-Fan: Research & legislation of wildlife corridor, environmental impact assessment, and technology/ construction (i.e. control/ ban the use of certain fishing tools and pesticide, where to build airports/ highways...etc)
VR: Encourage forest protection and heterogeneous plantations as it supports high species diversity and populations and maintaining ecosystem functioning and balance
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Jia Min: Ecological Corridors, Species Recovery Programs, Ex situ Conservation(Zoo breeding programs and other release programs by NGOs (e.g. ACRES), Park connector networks, parks)
Collaboration among stakeholders for long -term conservation success e.g. national parks, policymakers, nature societies, bloggers, education institutions, etc.
OOC: Improved policy in wildlife-human conflict management (e.g promote co-existence between human and elephants, increase tolerance towards wildlife by having right education and awareness)
OOC: Mainstreaming management of natural resources, reduce internal conflicts between governance bodies and ensure implementation of master plan (i.e Central Forest Spine project in Peninsular Malaysia that is suffering from mismanagement)
Lipei: Include all stakeholders in sustainable conservation decisions. Examples of decisions: Nature: Better waste disposal management & reducing plastic usage. Wildlife: Imposing limits/conservative efforts to wildlife sightings and fishing. Humans: Education and awareness programs.
ANP: Develop and implement management strategies against biological invasions, with especial emphasis on prevention. Precautionary principle states that an ounce of prevention is a pound of cure -- by preventing future introductions of invasive alien species is more cost-effective than control and eradication or totally doing nothing.
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EHPT: Community intervention and continuous education on the importance of native species.
Establish partnership with the governing body of the community incorporate research outputs management plan.
State
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Bui:
- Threathened coral reef and Mangrove Forest Ecosystem
- Coastal erosion
=> Decrease number of tourists, socio-economic lost, livelihood lost.
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Yi-Fan: killed and injured wildlife from fishing bycatch, roadkill, bird aircraft strike hazard, pesticide use in farming...etc
VR: The diversity and population of species is declining. The planet has witnessed the 60% decline in the populations of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians since 1970. A fifth of the Amazon forest has been lost (WWF Living Planet Report 2018).
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30% loss of the Great Barrier Reef, world's largest coral reef system in 2016 heatwave (Hugh et al., 2018. Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages)
OOC: Air pollution, very bad in some countries
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Lipei: Ecotourism boom is affecting the nature, wildlife and human populations in different ways. Nature: Increase in waste disposal such as plastics. Wildlife: Increasing contact with humans & over-fishing. Humans: Demand for nature resources such as mangrove charcoal and seafood
ANP: Invasive alien species are agents of ecological and evolutionary change which consequently directly or indirectly impair different aspects of human socio-economy. Invasive alien species is recognized as the 2nd major threat to global biodiversity, and is in fact the primary cause of most recent extinctions. In United States alone, the damages caused by invasive alien species is estimated to cost billions of dollars annually.
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