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Key Concepts in Biology (Microscopes and Magnification (Actual Image =…
Key Concepts in Biology
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Plant and Animal cells
Parts of both Animal and Plant cells: Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondrion.
Parts specific to Plant cells: Chloroplasts, Vacuoles, Cell Walls.
Cells make up tissue, and tissue makes up organs.
Plant and Animal cells are Eukaryotic, meaning that they have nuclei. Bacterial cells are Prokaryotic
Inside Bacteria
Parts specific to Bacterial cells: Slime Coat, Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid, Flagellum
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and are therefore simpler and smaller than animal and plant cells. Instead of storing their genes in nuclei, they store it in chromosomal DNA and plasmids.
Bacterial cells use their flagellum for locomotion, something that animal and plant cells usually lack.
Enzymes
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Enzymes have an active site that has a complementary shape to that of the substrate that they bind to.
If the temperature or pH is not optimal, the active site may change shape and become less or more suited to the substrate.
Transporting Substances
Osmosis and Active Transport are how substances such as water (for the former) and minerals (for the latter) enter and exit cells.
Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of higher water concentration, to an area of lower water concentration.
Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of fluids down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Active Transport: Active transport is when molecules move against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Transporter proteins within the cell membrane have a specific binding site that allows them to let the correct particles into the cell. This process requires energy because the particles are moving against the concentration gradient so cells that carry out active transport often have a large amount of mitochondria