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neoplasm (metastasis (淋巴擴散lymphatic spread, 血液擴散venous spread,…
neoplasm
metastasis
淋巴擴散lymphatic spread
血液擴散venous spread
血管內生長(Intravenous growth)
Seeding of body cavities and surfaces
四種基因易形成腫瘤
Growth promoting proto-oncogenes (促進生長的原致癌基因)
Growth-inhibitingortumorsuppressorgene(抑制生長的抑癌基因)
Genesthatregulateprogrammedcelldeath(apoptosis)(控制計畫性細胞凋亡的基因)
Genes involving in DNA repair (DNA 修復基因)
local invasio
讓細胞間產生縫隙(loosening up of tumor cell-tumor cell interactions)
降解胞外基質(degradation of ECM)
遷移(migrate)及侵入(invasion)
導致惡性腫瘤
Self-sufficiency in growth signals(oncogene activation)生長基因自足(致癌基因活化)
oncogene
Protein products of Oncogenes (Oncoprotein)
Growth factor
Growth factor receptor
Constitutive activation of growth factor receptors
over-expression
mutation
gene rearrangement
Signal transducing protein
Receptor-associated proteins
Ras gene
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase
c-ABL
CML慢性骨髓性白血病
Transcription Factor
MYC gene
Birkitt's lymphoma
Insensitivity to growth-inhibition： Tumor suppressor genes
RB gene
Retinoblastoma(視網膜母細胞瘤，RB)
Two-hit hypothesis (sporadic vs. familial)
APC(adenomatous polyposis coli) gene (5q21)
Familial adenomatous polyposis(家族腺瘤性息肉症，FAP)
p53 gene (TP53)
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)
逃避細胞凋亡(Evasion of apoptosis)
bcl-2 and lymphoma of follicular type
DNA repair defect and genomic instability
Genomic instability syndrome
核甘酸切除修復 Nucleotide excision repair
著色性乾皮症(或稱日光角化症)Xeroderma pigmentosum(XP)
同源性重組修復 Homologous recombination repair
共濟失調微血管擴張症候群(Ataxia telangiectasia，又稱 Louis-Bar
syndrome)
布氏症候群(Bloom syndrome，先天性毛細血管擴張性紅斑)
范可尼氏貧血(Fanconi anemia)
錯誤配對修復 Mismatch repair (MMR) (老師表示最重要)
遺傳性非瘜肉結直腸綜合癌 hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) syndrome
致癌物與細胞機轉
Chemical carcinogenesis
promoter
initiator
病毒及微生物致癌作用(Viral and Microbial Carcinogenesis)
HPV
Episomal forms (low risk)
Integrated form (high risk)
EBV
B-cell lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma、T-cell lymphoma、NK-cell lymphoma
(非本次內容，之後由血液學老師介紹)
B cell lymphoma in immunosuppressed individuals