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Paramyoxviridae (Canine Distemper) (Characteristics (Pleomorphic…
Paramyoxviridae (Canine Distemper)
Characteristics
Pleomorphic (spherical or filamentous)
enveloped
Helical nucleocapsid
ss -ve RNA
Short survival in environment
Wide range of hosts
Pathogenesis
Targets oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues
Begins to invade other lymphoid organs
Invades epithelial and CNS (10 - 14 days)
Demyelination, initially without inflammation
Immunosuppressive
Causes Respiratory GIT &/or CNS signs
Complications
Old dog encephalitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Metaphyseal osteopathy
Immunosuppression: combined infection
Transmission
Wide range of hosts
Aerosol
Clinical Signs
Acute Signs
Respiratory
Cough
Conjunctivitis
Pyrexia
Depression
Anorexia
GIT
Diarrhoea
vomiting
Severe generalised distemper
Later Signs (1 - 3 wks post recovery)
Hyperaesthesia (hypersensitive skin)
Myoclonus (ticks)
Chewing gum seizures
Diagnosis
Clinical Suspicion
Characteristic signs in dog (poor uncertain vaccination history)
Serology (Ab/Ag)
PCR
Immunochemistry
Inclusion bodies
Treatment/Prevention
Treatment
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Anti-emetic
Anticonvulsants
Supportive nursing in clean, warm , dry area
Prevention
Modified live vaccine
Vectored vaccines
Killed vaccines
Measels vaccine
Given to puppies and works in combination with high maternal antibodies