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Secularisation Theory (Explanations of secularisation (Bruce: Cultural…

- - - - religion separated from the wider socierty
    - - functions are transferred to other institutions. Loses influence
  - - - Began with Protestant reformation
        
        squeezes out magical and religious ways of thinking and starts off the rationalisation process
    - - Scientific explanations so not challenge relgion directly
        
        encourages people to take religion less seriously
  - - - Wilson: pre industrial communities, shared values expressed through collective rituals, Religion lost its basis in stable local communities
    - - Shift from small close knit rural communities to large loose knit urban communities
  - - - Berger: When there are alternatives versions of religion to choose, people are likely to question all of them
    - - Catholicism to Protestant reformation= religious diversity
  - - - religion provides a focal point for the defence of national, ethnic, local or group identity in a struggle against an an external force
    - - Provides support and a sense of community for ethnic minorities
    - - Berger: diversity and choice actually increases participation in religion
      - Beckford:opposing views can have the effect of strengthening a religious group's commitment.
- - - - 1/3 in 1983 to 1/2 in 2014
  - - - 1.6 million in 1960 to 0.8 million in 2013
    - - 60% in 1971 to 30% in 2012
    - - Older kids are getting baptised as an entry ticket to a good school rather than a sign of Christian commitment
  - - - Aging workforce
      - In the 20th century- numbers feel from 45,000 to 34,000.
- - - - acceptance of the view that others are entitled to hold beliefs that are different to one's own.