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Police (Policing in the US:
the Colonial era (early US)
Political era…
Police
Policing in the US:
- the Colonial era (early US)
- Political era (1842-1920)
- Professional era (1920-1970)
- Community era (1970-)
Colonial:
- watch system
- slave patrols
-
Professional:
- stay out of politics
- well trained
- laws equally enforced
- new technology
- procedures based on merit
- fight crime
Community:
- increase number of patrol officers had little effect on crime rate
- rapid response calls did not increase arrest rate
- improving % of crimes solved proved difficult
Next Era: Homeland Security?
- intelligence-led policing
Police Subculture:
- working personality
- role of police morality
- isolation of police
- stress involved in police work
Working personality:
set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to their work situation and environmental influences
Danger:
- situational awareness
- benign can become dangerous
- always on high alert
- perceived as hostile
Authority:
- must establish authority
- balance between authority and respect
Morality:
- upholding law
- protecting society
- taking bad people off streets
Isolation:
- us vs. them
- interaction with public is primarily during crisis
- difficulty separating work from home
Stress:
- external
- organizational
- personal
-operational
Implicit Bias:
attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner
Issues in Policing:
- discretion
- corruption
- use of force
Discretion factors:
- nature of crime
- victim/perpetrator
- police/victim/perpetrator relationship
- race, ethnicity, age, gender, class
- policy
Corruption:
- grass eaters vs. meat eaters
- grass eaters: accept bribes, not active
- meat eaters: do more to advance in their job, active
Use of force:
- excessive force: gov officials entitled to use force in a certain situation
- excessive use of force: police brutality
Goals:
- justice
- crime control
- crime prevention
Police Take Care of:
- investigation
- arrest
- booking
Robert Peel's direction:
- prevent crime
- maintain public order
- reduce conflict
- show efficiency
Federal Agencies:
- FBI
-DEA
- US marshals
- ATF
- Homeland Security
- Secret Service
- TSA
- IRS
- NPS
State Agencies:
- highway patrol
- state police
Local Agencies:
- Counties: sheriff department
- municipal: police department
Special Jurisdiction:
- Native American Tribal Police
- college campuses
- county parks
- department of natural resources