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CHAPTER 4: ACIDS AND BASESA (THE ACIDS-BASE PROPERTIES OF WATER (Water…
CHAPTER 4: ACIDS AND BASESA
THE BRONSTED-LOWRY THEORY
Base: a substance that
accept a proton
from another substance.
Acid : a substance that
donates a proton
to another substance.
Conjugate differ in each case by H+
WEAK BASES AND BASE IONIZATION CONSTANT
The ionization of weak base is treated in the same way as the ionization of weak acid
The base ionization constant (Kb) is the equilibrium constant for the ionization reaction
pH: A MEASURE OF ACIDITY
pH = -log [H30+]
pH = - log H+
The
pH
of a solution is define as the
negative logaithm of hydroge ion concentration (in mol/L)
THE ACIDS-BASE PROPERTIES OF WATER
Water is unique
solvent
It may act either an acid or base
Water is very
weak electrolyte
and therefore a
poor conductor of electricity
but undergo ionization to a small extent
hydrogen ion concentration
indicates
the acidity of basicity of the solution
STRENG OF ACID AND BASES
BASES
WEAK: Ionized only limited extent in water
NH3
STRONG
KOH
Ba(OH)2
NaOH
ACIDS
STRONG: Strong electrolytes which are assumed to ionized completely in water
H2SO4
HCL
HNO3
WEAK
CH3COOH
HF
ACID AND BASE IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Fluids diffuse through membrane channels, due to a
concentration gradient
associated with the content of the fluids
The pH of the blood is kept relatively constant is by buffers dissolve in the blood
All cells in the body exchange with external fluid surrounding them