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Introduction To Communication (The Communication Process (Noise: anything…
Introduction To Communication
Definition of Communication Studies
According to the National Communication Association (NCA):
Communication study focuses on how people use messages to generate meanings within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media. The discipline promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication.
Definition of Communication
Communication is the ongoing symbolic process by which humans create, maintain, repair and transform reality through social interaction (James Carey)
It is dynamic, unintentional, one on one (dyad), in small groups and in one-to many situations (public speaking)
The Communication Process
The sender
: the individual or group who is initiating the message (communicator)
Their
personality, beliefs, cultural, education all influence the message.
The sender is encoding the message.
Encoding
: translating information into symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending (e.g. written words or spoken form)
The receiver
: AKA Interpreter - individual or group to whom the message is sent
The message
: particular content that is sent and received
The channel
: (medium) is the means by which the message is sent (for example through the television, radio, spoken voice, phone or written words)
Noise
: anything that can get in the way of message transaction
Internal noise
Psychological noise
: e.g. worry, daydreaming, opinions, judgements
Physiological noise
: things happening with your body that can interfere with receiving the message (e.g. being hungry, tired, sick or hearing impaired)
External noise
: e.g. loud music, planes flying overhead, chatting neighbors in class
The context
: physical, social, political, historical structures in which communication occurs (for example at home or during a conference)
Feedback
: the response by the Receiver
Models of Communication
Linear Communication Model
Sender encodes a message via a channel and the message is decoded by the receiver (straight-line communication)
Communication is one way
Message sent is message received
Speaker is active and the listener is passive
Interactive Communication Model
Linear Model + context + feedback
Example: "How are you?" and the feedback is "Fine thank you"
Two-way communication
Cause and effect process which may lead to blame
Transactional Communication Model
Deeper context: accounting both the sender's and receiver's fields of experience
Communication is simultaneous
Sender and receiver is interdependent
Allows us to see that who we are emerges out of the communication interaction
Communication Study and You
We use communication and interaction in our lives to fulfill our
physical, social, practical and identity needs
Physical needs
: physical health
Identity needs
: we get feedback from others --> gives us a sense of who we are
Social needs
: our sense of belonging and community
Practical needs
: for example, we use communication to tell the doctor where it hurts, to buy groceries and ask a teacher a question
Communication Competence
: the ability to achieve one's goals in a manner that maintains or enhances the relationship
Ethical and knowledgeable communicators
recognize common misconceptions