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matter and change- chapter 2 (Definitions (starting substance in a…
matter and change- chapter 2
Substance
Physical properties
size and/or amount can change, but the composition stays the same
Definition
has a uniform and definite composition
3 states of matter
Gas
particles: enough energy to separate from others, bouncing around empty space between particles.
no definite shape (will take shape of its container)
no definite volume (can compress into smaller space)
Solid
particles:vibrate against each other, cannot move out of place.
definite volume (cannot be compressed)
definite shape (will not take shape of container
Liquid
particles: can move out of place and around others (ability to flow/pour)
definite volume (cannot be compassed)
no definite shape (will take the shape of it container)
Element
Definition
simple form of matter that has a unique set of properties
Examples
Gold
hydrogen
iron
silver
chemical reaction
.
chemical properties
Definition
ability to undergo a specific chemical change
chemical change
Definition
one or more substance changes into one or more new substance
start of reaction
reactions
end of reaction
products
Recognizing a chemical change
production of gas
new smell
bubbles
formation of a precipitate
little pieces of material in a liquid that were not there before
change in color
transfer of energy
light
heat
Describing matter
Extensive properties
Definition
depends on the amount of matter
Examples
mass
volume
Intensive properties
Definition
depends on the type of matter and what it is made up of
Examples
Hardness
Density
compound
Definition
substance with 2 or more elements
Examples
water - H2O
sugar- C6H12O6
Law of conservation of mass
IMPORTANT LAW OF NATURE!!!!!!!
law says
mass cannot be created or destroyed. it will be changed
mixture
Definition: physical blend of 2 or more components
2 types
Homogeneous
Definition
when the composition is the same throughout
Examples
Salt water
Steel
Vinegar
AKA: solution
Heterogeneous
Definition
when the composition is not the same throughout
Examples
chicken soup
salad
chex mix
Separating them
Distillation
filtration
mechanical
Definitions
starting substance in a chemical reaction-
Reactant
a physical blend of two or more components-
Mixture
part of a sample having uniform composition and properties-
Phase
not uniform in composition-
Heterogeneous
a substance formed in a chemical reaction-
Product
amount of matter an object contains-
Mass
describes mixture with uniform composition-
Homogeneous
process in which substances are changed into different substance-
Reaction
substance that cannot be changed into simpler substance by chemical means-
Element
one physical change that you had from yesterday is?
you clothes your hair you makeup it all going to be different from yesterday
hydrogen + oxygen= a reaction water is a product
intensive property
-does not depend on amount(depends on type)
what must occur for a change to be chemical reaction
- there must be a change in chemical properties.
a chemical change has happened in food when your food gets darker