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Equine Herpesvirus (Diagnosis (Serology (Abs, ELISA), Clinical signs,…
Equine Herpesvirus
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
Serology
Abs, ELISA
Virus isolation
PCR
Histopathology
Equid herpes Virus - 1 (Equine Abortion Virus)
Transmission
Vertical transmission through placenta
Aerosol
Clinical signs
Abortion storms (70% of pregnant mare)
Most common in the 7 - 11th month endotheliotrophic of pregnancy
rhinopneumonitis
Main transmission to other mares
perinatal Mortality
Fatal generalised disease
Paresis (Myeloencephalopathy - lesions in spinal cord)
Vasculitis (ag/Ab complexes -> thrombosis)
Rapid progression
Little evidence of viral replication in neural tissue
Pathogenesis
Infiltration of respiratory epithelial cells
Infiltration of leukocyte
Transportation through lymph into circulation (viraemia)
Thrombosis, leukocyte infiltration, tissue destruction of maternal blood vessels
Breach of epithelial placental barrier into foetal circulation
Abortion
Equid herpesvirus - 4 (Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus)
Clinical Signs
Upper respiratory disease
Pyrexia
Lethargy
Nasal discharge
Enlarged submandibular lymphnodes
Transmission
Aerosol
Epidemiology
2 -10 days incubation
Complete recovery 1 - 2 weeks
Equid Herpes Virus 5 (Equine Multi Nodular Pulmonary Fibrosis)
Transmission
Aerosol
Clinical signs
restrictive breathing
Diagnosis
Post mortem
Fibrosis of lung tissue
Histopathology
Infiltration of airspaces with inflammatory cells
Characterisitcs
Alphaherpesvirus
Several types of veterinary importance
EHV-1,3,4 & 5
EHV-1: Equine abortion virus
Can cause serious disease
respiratory
Abortion
Neurological
EHV - 4: Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus
Can Cause Serious Disease
Respiratory Disease
Has been reported to cause
single abortion (not storms) and neurological signs
Equid Herpesvirus 3 (Equine Coital Exanthema)
Transmission
Venereal
Potentially though vets as fomites (rectal examination etc)
Clinical signs
Genital lesions
Prevention
Managment
Isolation of infected animals
Hygiene/disinfection
Fomites
Vaccines (killed)
Short lived immunity (5 - 9 months)
Reduces severity
EHV - 1 & 4 Epidemiology
Latent Infected Carrier Horse
Latency Reactivated
Nasal Shedding
Pregnant Mare (Abortion)
Infection of Young Horses
Recruitment of New Host into Viral Life cycle
Latency Established