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Fundamentals of the Nervous System (Gross anatomy of Nervous System…
Fundamentals of the Nervous System
Function of Nervous System
Intergration
.central nerves
.receive, process and respond
Brain
Spinal cord
Motor output
.Respond and effector organ
Muscle
Glands
Sensory input
.All kind of sensory receptor
.exteroceptor
.interoceptor
.proprioceptor
Division of Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
.Brain
.Spinal cord
Integrative and control centers
Sensory (Afferent)
Pick up sensory receptor into CNS
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
.Cranial nerves
.Spinal nerves
.Ganglia
sensitive to stimulus and send information toward CNS
Motor (Efferent)
signal cary away CNS innervate to muscle or glands
Somatic Motor
.Voluntary
.outer tube
.Conducts impulse from CNS to Skeletal Muscle
Visceral Motor
.Involuntary
.inner tube
.Conducts impulse from CNS to Cardiac muscles
.smooth muscle
.glands
Somatic Sensory
.input in skin
.Skeletal muscle
.joint
.limbs
Special sense
Hearing
equilibrium vision
Visceral Sensory
.input from ventral body cavity content
.stretch
.pain
.hunger
Special senses
Taste
Smell
Gross anatomy of Nervous System
Gray And White Matter of CNS
White Matter
Tract
.myelinated and nonmyelinated axon
.myelination : lipid and some protein
.No neuron cell bodies
.Millions of axons
Gray Matter
Cortex
.outer part of brain
.neuron cell bodies
Deep Gray Matter
Nuclei
Only Brain
Fascicle
Group of axons
surround by perineurium
.Perineurium is fibrous connective tissue
Axons
myelin sheath wrap around
Surround by endoneurium
.Endoneurium is loose connective tisse
Nerves
.Carry many Axon
.Most nerves contain myelinated or nonmyelinated sensory and motor axons
.Bundle of fascicle
bundle of fascicle of nerve surround by epineurium
.Epineurium is tough, fibrous connective tissue
Microscopic anatomy of Nervous System Neuron
Axon collateral
other branches of axon
Axon
.transmit nerve impulse away from cell body
Axon hillock
Cone-shape region
Dendrites
.receiver body signal from other neurons
.conduct electrical signals toward cell body
Terminal arborization
branched as its end
Chromatophilic substance
.Cluster of free ribosomes and rough ER
.renew plasma membrane
.protein with cytosol
Axon Terminals
knob ending
Nucleus and nucleolus
.nucleolus create ribosomes
cell Boby
Receptor region
Three Type Neuron
Unipolar
.sensory neuron
.cell bodies located in ganglia of PNS
Bipolar
.interneurons
.sensory neuron
.99.98% of all neurons
.between neuron in CNS
Multipolar
.Motor neuron
.cell bodies in CNS
.impulse to muscle or glands
neuroglia cells
In Central nervous System
Ependymal cells
.simple cuboidal, columnar epithelium
.lining space with cerebrospinal fluid
.cilia keep cerebrospinal fluid moving
Oligodendrocytes
.create myelin sheath in CNS
.Schwann cell in PSN
.wrap their cell process plasma membrane around axons
.increasing speed impulses
Microglia
.phagocytes
.remove microbes and damaged nerves tissue
.not originate in nervous tissue
.derived from blood cells
.smallest
Astrocytes
.most numerous
.many radiating that contact neuron and cipillaries
.support neuron
.maintain appropriating chemical enviroment
In Peripheral Nervous System
Satellite cells
.surrounding neuron cell bodies
.regulated exchange of material in and out of neuron cell bodies
Schwann cells
.wrap their plasma membrane around portion of one axon-myelin sheath
.support axon
Nucleus and Ganglia
.Cluster of neuron cell bodies
Nerve and Tract
nerve
Axon in PSN
tract
Axon in CNS