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Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) (Diagnosis (Tests (Antigen screening (IFA,…
Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)
Pathogenesis
Cat bite (saliva)
Oral route of infection
Replication in tonsils
Replication in draining lymph
Bone Marrow
Adequate immune response
Latency
Inadequate immune response
Vireamia/shedding
Thymus
Peyers Patch
Characterisitcs
Slowly transforming oncogenic retroviruses
Does not contain a oncogenic virus
However intergration occurs close to a oncogene producing cell transformation
4 Subgroups
A , B, C and T
Consequences (clinical signs)
Cytoproliferation
Lymphsacroma
Thymus
Multicentric
Alimentary
Leukaemia
Fibrosarcoma
Cytosuppressive
Anaemia
Pancytopenia
2nd Infections
Chronic stomatitis
Non-healing skin lesions
Respiratory infections
Mycoplasma felis
Other
GIT failure
Reproductive failure
neurological disease
Diagnosis
FeLV Assays
Exposure
All antigen tests negative
All PCR tests negative
Wk 1
Strong Immune Response
Abortive Infection
Virus eliminated
All antigen tests -ve
All PCR tests -ve
variable Immune response
Focal/atypical infection
Antigen -ve or transiently +ve
Blood PCR -ve
Tissue Proviral PCR +ve
Wk 3
Poor/Absent Immune response
Progressive infection
All antigen tests +ve
All PCR tets +ve
FeLV related disease
Good immune response
Regressive infection
Proviral PCR weak +ve
RT-PCR -ve
Immunodeficiency
All antigen tests -ve
Serological Snap combo FIV/FeLV
maternal antibodies can be so positive kittens should be restored after 6 months of age
Takes 2 -3 weeks post infection for antibodies to devlop
In terminal stage can go sero reverse and have a negative test result
Diagnostic Algorithm
History/Physical exam
Snap combo test
FeLV antigen negative
FeLV antigen positive
FeLV IFA test
FeLV IFA positive
Consider animal infected
FeLV IFA Negative
May be early stages of disease retest in 28 days
Snap and IFA combo 28 days later
Positive/Positive
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Positive/Negative
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Negative/Negative
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Testing may be slightly different for kittens as there are maternal antibodies present therefore should manage if positive however should retest at 6 months
Tests
Viral isolation
Antigen screening
IFA
Snap ELISA
Viral neutralisation
PCR
Treatment
medications
Zidovudine
Feline Recombinant interferon omega
Human recombinant interferon alpha
Prevention
Testing to establishFeLV free status
Retest 12 weeks later to ensure correct result
Isolate new cats until negative status established
Remove ELISA positive cats
Vaccine
Test cats prior to FeLV vaccination (killed virus)