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Viruses (Replication in Animal viruses (Viral fusion w/cell memmbrane,…
Viruses
Replication in Animal viruses
Viral fusion w/cell memmbrane
envelope glycoprotein enables virus to bind to a receptor
Reverse transcriptase (enzyme) synthesis of DNA complimentary to viral RNA
Synthesis of DNA complementary to the first
DNA incorporated as provirus
PRoviral genestranscripted into RNA molecules
Glycoprotein w/ capsid protein are transported to membrane
Virus with viral envelope glycoprotein is made
Prions
ability to replicate is unknown
infectious agent
Proteins
Charecteristics
incubation slow last about 10 yrs
dangerous b/c discovery is late and hard to treat
virtually indestructible
heat has no affect
replication
a misfolded form of protien
converts protein to prion
prions form complex that attract proteins that become prions
Prions interfere with cell function causing disease symptoms
Virus structure
20nm in diameter
Nucleic Acid in protein coat
Viral Genome
Double stranded DNA
Single stranded DNA
RNA
Name based on Genetic make up
Capsids and Envelope
protein shell protects DNA/RNA
Rod shaped
polyhedral
made of proteins-capsomeres
Viral Envelope
membranes of host cell
Membrane protein
Bacteriophages
Bacterial defenses against Phages
Natural Selection (surface protein)
Foreign DNA is recognized and destroyed by Registration Enzymes
CRISPR- Cas System
Phage injects DNA
RNA transcription is processed into short RNA strands
Short RNA Strands binds to Cas Protein forms complex
RNA binds to DNA from the invading pahges Cas protein cuts phage DNA
Entire Phage DNA in destroyed and CN be replicated
Replication in Phages Lytic Cycle
T4 tail fiber binds to a recepor
phage DNA is injected Cells DNA hydrolyzed
Phage DNA directs production phage components
Phage assembly ; Head , tail and tail fibers
Phage damages cell wall w/liquid swells and burst
Used to reproduce more viruses (bacterias)
Replication in Phages Lysogenic Cycle
found in temperate phages
Phage attach to host cell and injects its DNA
Phage DNA circulates
factors determine whether it enters Lysogenic cycle
Phage DNA integrates into bacterial chromosomes (Prophage)
Bacteria reproduces and copys prophage into daughter cells
pandemic
wide spread of disease
Epidemic
outbreak of disease
History
Adolf Mayer
Ivanowsky
filtered leave and still + for disease
thought bacteria caused TMD
plant to plant transmission
using tobacco mosaic
sap from infected to healthy leaves
cause small bacteria
Beijerinck
Diseased plant can replicate
only replicate w/ in Host
Does not need nutrients
Stanley
Viruses can be crystalized
viruses seen under electron microscope
Viral Replication Cycle
Virus enters cell releases Capsid protein
Host enzymes replicate genome
Enzyme transcribe to mRNA Ribosomes make more capsid proteins
New viral particles (Genome and capsid) exit
Viral Replication