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Skeletal system (Tissues (Long bone features: (Periosteum: A thin membrane…
Skeletal system
Tissues
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Major functions: include support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell formation.
Blood Cell Formation: hematopoiesis occurs inside red bone marrow which is located in the ends of long bones and flat bones
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Long bone features:
Epiphysis: the end of the long bone, composed of spongy bone which is encased by a thin layer of compact bone
Articular cartilage: covers the epiphyseal surface (no periosteum is present). It is smooth allowing motion without friction.
Periosteum: A thin membrane covering (made up of 2 layers) the shaft of the bone which penetrate into the bone (known as Perforating Sharpey's fibers) allowing blood vessels and nerves to travel into the bone.
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Epiphyseal plate: (growth plate) found in young organisms, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage which allows for longitudinal bone growth.
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Epiphyseal line: is a thin layer of bone that replaces the epiphyseal plate once bones are done growing
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Bone marrow
Red bone marrow: gelatinous material found inside the marrow cavities. Helps with blood cell formation.
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Joints
Cartilaginous joints
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Synchondrosis: Located where two bones meet with hyaline cartilage. Found at epiphyseal plate and between the first rib and manubrium. No movement.
Synovial joint components: a cavity containing synovial fluid separating the articulating ends of bones
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Fibrous joints:
Syndesmosis: banes are connected withe bundles of Dense Regular Connective Tissue. Located in distal areas such as in the tibiofibular joint. Allow a little movement.
Gomphosis: No movement, Located along the gumline between tooth and alveoli
Suture: Bones are joined by very short interconnected fibers. Cannot move, Located only in the skull. As an organism ages suture marks disappear
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Skeletal Muscles
Functions:
Movement of bone, blood, contents of hollow organs
Open and close body passageways through the use of Sphincter muscles. Found in lungs, intestine, urethra, and iris of eye
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Properties:
Contractibility: muscle fibers can change shape through the movement of a protein called actin found in muscle fibers
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Connective Tissue layer:
Endomysium: inside the muscle, found deep around each fiber. Composed mostly of reticular fiber and allows space for very small blood vessels to run through next to the muscle fibers
Perimysium: covers each fascicle, made up of dense irregular connective tissue
Epimysium: Upon the muscle, binds fascicles together, made up of dense irregular connective tissue
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