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Skeletal system/tissues, joints and skeletal muscle (Skeletal…
Skeletal system/tissues, joints and skeletal muscle
Skeletal system/tissues
Major functions: Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, energy storage, blood cell
MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS: Bone- cells & extracellular matrix 35 % organic, 65 % inorganic. Ligaments/tendons are dense regular connective tissues.
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Components of long bone: epiphyses, diaphyses, epiphyseal line, medullary cavity, articular cartilage and metaphyses.
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Types of bone cells
Osteogenic cells, osteoblast- makes extracellular matrix, osteocyte- in the lacunae , osteoclast- created from a leukocyte.
Joints
FIBROUS JOINTS- suture- bones joined by short fibers, no movement.
Syndesmosis-
Gomphosis-
Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis- epiphyseal plate Symphysis- pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints, hyaline & fibrocartilage
synovial joint components: Synovial cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane
Six structural types of bone cells: Plane joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, condylar joint, saddle joint, ball & socket joint
Skeletal muscle
Functions: Produce movement, open/close body passage, maintain posture, generate heat.
Properties:
Contractility- generate tension or force
excitability- ability to respond
Extensibility- ability to stretch
Elasticity- ability to return to original shape
Connective tissue layers:
Endomysium: mostly reticular fibers
Perimysium: covers each fasicle
Epimysium
Deep fascia- binds whole muscles together
Components of skeletal fiber: Sarcolemma- cell membrane of muscle fiber
Myofibril- muscle fibers
Sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules