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SkeletalSystemJointsSkeletalMsucleYengLor.pdf (Bones (Long Bones (Long…
SkeletalSystemJointsSkeletalMsucleYengLor.pdf
Joints
Fibrous joints: very short interconnecting fibers
Sutures: no movement at all
Syndesmosis: little amount of movement, bundles of D. R. C. T.
Gomphosis; teeth Aeolus, immovable
Cartilagenous
Synchondrosis: Hyaline cartilage, epiphyseal plate, between first rib and manubruim
Symphysis: Pubic symphysis, slight movement
Synovial; Join capsule Joint cavity, reduces shock and nourishes cartilage
Pivot joints are freely rotating joints that go within a set ring of motion
Plane joint that allows gliding motions
Hinge joint moves along one axis that allows for flex and extend only
Saddle joint where the bones are sitting on top of each other hince "Saddle" creating more stability and overall flexibility
Condylar joints contains an ovoid surface that allows for both flex and extend to adduction and abduction
Ball & Socket joint allows for multi directional and rotating movements
Skeletal System/Tissues Functions
Supports Framework
Assistance with movement
Stores and release minerals and fat
Blood cell formation
Protection of organs
Major Structural Components of the skeleton
Bones: Hard and rigid form of a tissues that supports and protects organs
Ligaments: A fibrous connective tissue that holds two bones or cartilage together at a joint
Tendon: A flexible group of collagen tissues that connects a muscle to a bone
Joints: A connection made by two bones that articulates to make the whole skeletal system be able to move
Skeletal muscle
The main functions of skeletal muscle is to move the body as it is what is pulling the frame work of the skeleton
Skeletal muscle properties
Excitability: the ability for the cells to contract and do work, that is stimulated by the nervous tissues
Contractility is the muscle cell's ability to forcefully shorten
Extensibility the ability that muscle cells can recoil back to its original length after contraction or extentsion
Elasticity is the natural ability for muscle to return to their original place after movement of any kind
Connective tissue layers in muscle consist of 3 layers
Epimysium is the outer layer that surrounds the entire muscle
Perimysium surrounds smaller groups of muscles
Endomysium is the deepest layer the individually separates each fibers
Skeletal Muscle fiber
Sarcolemma: Cell membrane of the muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm: plasma membrane of the muscle cell
Mitochondria: Energy producers
Myofibrils: Contractile fibers, many per cells,contracts
Sarcomere is the basic unit of striated muscles
sarcoplasmic reticulum regulates the amount of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of the muscles cells
Transverse tubeles are extensions of the muscles cell membrane that goes tot he center of the skeletal and cardiac muscles
Bones
Compact Bone: Dense bone that is solidly filled with ground substance & inorganic salts, allowing small spaces for osteocytes, surrounds all bones
Spongy bone: Porus bones that is highly vascularized containing red bone marrow, usually at the ends of long bones
Long Bones
Long bones are capped with Epiphysis at the ends of bones to separate it from the diaphysis
Diaphysis is the long cylindrical shaft of the long bone
Epiphyseal line that separates the medullary cavity from the ends of long bones
Medullary cavity that holds yellow bone marrow, lined with endoestum
Red Bone marrow: where red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells come from,
Yellow Bone marrow: Produces fat, cartilage, and bone
Bone Cells
Osteoplast is an osteogenic stem cells that could be come other bones cells, such as Osteocytes, secretes grounds substance and extracelluar matrix
Osteocytes derived from osteoplast once it has been imbedded in its own matrix
Osteoclast larger multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissues during growth or healing of any kind
Classification of bones
Short Bones are wide as they are long ex. hands and feet
Flat bones serves as a surface for protection and is extensive, ex. the skull
Irregular bones ex. the vertebrae, coccoyx