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Skeletal System/Tissues, Joints, and Skeletal Muscle (Skeletal…

- - - - dense irregular connective tissue
        
        attaches to periosteum
    - - synovial membrane made of mostly areolar connective tissue
        
        secretes synovial fluid that is slippery and lubricating
        
        shock absorber
        
        nourishes the articular cartilage
    - - sac filled with synovial fluid between; type of bursa-tendon sheath
        
        skin and bone
        
        ligament and bone
        
        tendon and bone
        
        muscle and bone
  - - - flexion and extension (uniaxial)
        
        elbow joints, interphalangeal joints
    - - rotation (uniaxial)
        
        proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint
    - - gliding (nonaxial)
        
        intercarpal and intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces
    - - flexion and extension ; adduction and abduction (biaxial)
        
        metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints
    - - adduction and abduction ; flexion and extension (biaxial)
        
        carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs
    - - flexion and extension ; adduction and abduction ; rotation (multiaxial)
        
        shoulder joints and hip joints
  - - - hyaline cartilage
      - immoveable
      - epithelial plate and between first rib and manubrium
    - - hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage
      - pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
      - slightly moveable
  - - - between teeth and alveoli
      - peridontal ligaments
      - no movement
    - - distal tibiofibular joint
      - little movement
      - bundles of dense regular connective tissue
    - - bones joined by very short interconnecting fibers
      - only skull
      - no movement
- - - - dense regular connective tissue
    - - joints
    - - 65% inorganic
      - 35% organic
    - - many kinds
  - - - the outer part of every bone
      - composed of osteons packed together
      - periosteum (composed of D.I.C.T) goes around it
    - - no osteons
      - inside of bones and ends of long bones
      - made of trabeculae (irregular shape)
      - osteocytes and extracellular matrix
      - location of red bone marrow
      - endosteum
  - - - cranium, rib cage and vertebrae
    - - calcium and phosphate
    - - with the help of muscles
    - - red bone marrow ; ends of long bones and flat bones
    - - fromework for connection of soft tissues ; tendons ; ligaments
    - - yellow bone marrow
  - - - place of blood cell formation
      - gelatinous material
      - as fetus/embryo, it fills all spaces inside bones until about age 7
      - as adults, vertebrae, hips/coxyl bones, and sternum still have red bone marrow
    - - fat tissue
      - nutrient storage
      - you get it at about age 7
  - - - inside of the diaphysis ; inner cavity
    - - middle part (shaft) of the bone
    - - parietal and distal parts of the bone
  - - - located in same places as osteogenic cells ; makes extracellular matrix
    - - in lacunae ; maintains bone tissue
    - - located in periosteum and endosteum (stem cells)
    - - created from leukocytes that form one big cell
      - multinucleate
      - microvilli
      - breakdown bone tissue
      - secrete enzymes in order to breakdown the bone tissue
      - engolf the broken down tissue to down even more of the organ part (inorganic goes back to the blood)
- - - - covers each fascicle
      - has blood vessels within
      - dense irregular connective tissue
    - - around muscle organ and binds all fascicles together
      - dense irregular connective tissue
    - - composed of mostly reticular fibers which create space for very small blood vessels to run next to muscle fibers
      - covers each muscle fiber
    - - binds the whole muscles together
      - dense irregular connective tissue
  - - - the part of the sarcolemma that cuts into the myofibril so calcium in released which causes contraction
    - - specialized smooth E.R. that regulates the calcium in the cytoplasm
    - - makes up muscle fibers
    - - enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that surround the T tubules
    - - the "plasma membrane" around each myofibril; also makes up the T tubules
  - - - ability to generate tension or force when pulling on an attachment point
    - - ability to respond to a stimulus and producing an electric signal
    - - ability to stretch (within limits)
    - - ability to return to original shape after contraction/extension