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Skeletal tissues, joints and skeletal muscles Gillian Maxson (Skeletal…
Skeletal tissues, joints and skeletal muscles
Gillian Maxson
Joints
Fibrous joints
Gomphosis
Tooth meets alveolus
Suture
Only found in skull
Syndesmosis
Bundles of dense regular connective tissue
connecting two bones
Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
made of hyaline cartilage
Symphysis
Synovial joints
Joint capsule with two layers
Outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue
Inner later is arelor connective tissue
Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid made by the synovial membrane
Creates lubrication
Reduces shock
Nourishes articular cartilage
Bursa
Specially shaped fibrous sac
Specialized bursa called tendon sheaths
Six structures of synovial joints
Plane
Intercarpal and intertarsal
Hinge
Elbows
Pivot
Neck
Condylar
Knuckles
Saddle
Thumbs
Ball and socket
Shoulder and hips
Skeletal Tissues
Functions
Support for soft tissues
Tendons
Ligaments
Assisting in movement
Protection
Cranium
Rib cage
Vertebrae
Mineral storage
Calcium
Phosphorus
Blood cell formation
Energy storage
Components
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
Spongy and compact bone
Compact
Every bone has a layer
Perforating canals that joins two central canals
Contains osteons
Spongy
Composed of osteocytes and extra cellular matrix
Does not contain onsteons
Found at the end of long bones
Called Trabeculae
Location of red marrow
Components of long bones
Periosteum
Outer layer composed
of Dense irregular connective tissue
Inner layer is osteogenic
Diaphysis - shaft
Epiphysis - ends
Medullary cavity - yellow marrow
Marrow
Red
Composed of gelatinous soft tissue
Site of blood cell transformation
Yellow
Composed of adipose tissue
Used for nutrient storage
Types of bone cells
Osteoclasts
Fusion of leukocytes
Osteoblasts
Create extra cellular matrix
Osteocytes
Maintain healthy bone tissue
Skeletal muscles
Functions
Produce movement
Open and close body passages
Maintain posture and stabilize joints
Generate heat
Properties
Contractility
Creation of force when pulling on attachment point
Excitability
Respond to stimuli
Extensibility
Stretch within limits
Elasticity
Return to original shape
Connective tissue layers
Endomysium
Around muscle
Perimysium
Around whole organ
Epimysium
Inside muscles
Deep fascia
Around several muscles that work together
Skeletal fibers
Sarcolemma
Plasma membrane
T tubules
Send electrical signals into muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Storage of calcium
Myofibrils
Single fiber
Mitochondria
Powerhouse