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Skeletal System/Tissues, Joints, and Skeletal Muscle (Skeletal…
Skeletal System/Tissues, Joints, and Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal System/Tissues
Major Functions
Support
Framework
Soft Tissue Connection
Tissue
Ligaments
Weight of Body
Movement
Levers for Muscles
Protection
Skull
Brain
Vertebrae
Spinal Cord
Rib Cage
Thoracic Organs
Mineral Storage
Calcium
Phosphate
Blood Cell Formation
Red Bone Marrow
Energy Storage
Yellow Bone Marrow
Fat
Energy Metabolism
Osteoblasts
Osteocalcin
Insulin
Major Structural Components
Bone
Connective Tissue
Extracellular Matrix
Organic
Collagen
Inorganic
Hydroxyapatites
Calcium Phosphate
Cells
Osteogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Cartilage
Hyaline
Articular Cartilage
Costal Cartilage
Nose
Trachea
Elastic
Epiglottis
External Ear
Fibrocartilage
Articular Discs
Intervertabral Discs
Anulus Fibrosus
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Tendons
Boe to Muscle
Ligaments
Bone to Bone
Articulations
Joint
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Cartilage
Compact Bone Characteristics
Location
Skull
Outside of Bone
Structure
Osteon
Lamella
Interstitial Lamella
Circumferential Lamella
Central Canal
Perforating Canals
Canaliculi
Periosteum
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Column Shaped
Spongy Bone Characteristics
Location
Long Bones
Ends
Flat Bones
Inside
Structure
Endosteum
Covers
Osteogenic
No Osteons
Osteocytes
Extracellular Matrix
Trabeculae
Red Bone Marrow
Components of a Long Bone
Epiphyses
Proximal Epiphysis
Distal Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Epiphyseal Line
Articular Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Spongy Bone
Diaphysis
Medullary Cavity
Endosteum
Yellow Bone Marrow
Compact Bone
Outer Covering
Periosteum
Outer Layer
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Inside Layer
Osteogenic
Cellular Layer
Attachements
Ligaments
Tendons
Perforating Collagen Fibers
Nutrient
Arteries
Veins
Bone Marrow
Yellow Bone Marrow
Dormant
Fat Cells
Location
Replaces Red Bone Marrow
8-18 years of age
All Other Regions on Long Bones
Red Bone Marrow
Generates Blood Cells
Immature Leukocytes
Location
Birth
All Marrow
Adult
Trabeculae
Axial Skeleton
Girdles
Proximal Epihyses
Femur
Humerus
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Fat Cells
Osteoblasts
Chondrocytes
Fibroblasts
Muscle Cells
General Characteristics
Reticular Connective Tissue
Reticular Cells
Blood Sinusoids
Macrophages
Bone Cells
Osteogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Secrete Osteoid
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Derived from White Blood Cells
Multinucleate
Secrete HCl
Breakdown Minerals
Lysosoal Enzymes
Breakdown Organic Components
Microvilli
Phagocyte
Joints
Fibrous Joints
General Structure
Fibrous Tissue
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Mobility
Slight
Immobile
Sutures
Bones of Skull
Ossify in Middle Age
Synostoses
No Movement
Short Interconnecting Fibers
Interlocking Bone Edges
Syndesmoses
Bones Connected By Ligaments
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Little Movement
Gomphoses
Periodontal Ligament
Connects Tooth
Immovable
Tooth Meets Alveolus
Cartilaginous Joints
General Structure
No Joint Cavity
Not Highly Movable
Synchondroses
Hyaline Cartilage
Epiphyseal Plate
Immovable Synarthroses
Symphyses
Fibrocartilage
Articular Cartilage
Amphiarthroses
Synovial Joint Components
Articular Cartilage
Ends of Bones
Hyaline Cartilage
Joint Cavity
Potential Spaces
Holds Synovial Fluid
Articular Capsule
Outer Layer
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Continuous with Periosteum
Inner Layer
Synovial Membrane
Areolar Loose Connective Tissue
Lining
Make Synovial Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Filtrate of Blood
Glycoprotein
Slippery Lubricant
Weeping Lubrication
Nourishes Cells
Lubricates Cartilage
Reinforcing Ligaments
Capsular
Fibrous Layer
Articular Capsule
Extracapsular
Outside Capsule
Intracapsular
Internal to Capsule
Covered with Synovial Membrane
Nerves & Vessels
Sensory Nerve Ffibers
Montiors Stretch
Rich Blood Supply
Functional Redundancy
Articular Disc
Fibrocartilage
Divides Joint Cavity
Partial
Complete
Differing Shapes of Articulating Bone
Distributes Weight/Pressue Evenly
Allows More Movements
Bursae & Tendon Sheaths
Contain Synovial Fluid
Reduce Friction
Bursa
Fibrous Sac
Synovial Membrane
Tendon Sheath
Elongated Bursa
Wraps Around Tendon
Structual Types of Synovial Joints
Plane Joint
Nonaxial Movement
Gliding
Flat Articular Surfaces
Examples
Intercarpal
Intertarsal
Hinge Joint
Uniaxial Movement
Flexion
Extension
Examples
Elbow
Interphalangeal
Pivot Joint
Uniaxial Movement
Rotation
Examples
Atlantoaxial
Proximal Radioulnar
Condylar Joint
Biaxial Movement
Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Examples
Metacarpophalangeal
Wrist
Saddle Joint
Biaxial Movement
Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Examples
Thumb
Carpometacarpal
Ball & Socket Joint
Multiaxial Movement
Axis
Medial/Lateral
Flexion
Extension
Anterior/Posterior
Abduction
Adduction
Vertical
Rotation
Examples
Shoulder
Hip
Skeletal Muscle
Function
Produce Movement
Attaches to Skeleton
Moves Bones
Visceral Organs
Moves Substances
Open & Close Body Passageways
Sphincter Muscles
Valves
Urethra
Iris
Maintain Posture
Continuous Contracting
Muscle Tone
Stabilize Joints
Generate Heat
Muscle Contraction
Shiver
Maintain Body Temperature
Properties
Contractility
Myofilaments
Shorten Muscle Cells
Proteins
Myosin
Actin
Excitability
Respond to Stimulus
Produce Electrical Signal
Initiate Contraction
Extensibility
Ability to Stretch
One Contracts
Other Stretches
Hollow Organs Stretched By Substances
Elasticity
Recoils After Stretching
Connective Tissue Layers
Endomysium
Within Muscle
Fascicle
Covers Each Fiber
Loose Connective Tissue
Reticular Fibers
Perimysium
Surrounds Each Fascicle
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Epimysium
Srrounds Whole Skeletal Muscle
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Deep Fascia
Surrounds Bundle of Muscle Organs
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Components
Sarcolemma
Plasma Membrane
Invagination
Transverse Tubule
Conduct Impulse to Deep Regions of Muscle
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Surrounds Each Myofibril
Terminal Cisterns
Store Calcium Ions
Release to Initiate Contraction
Myofibrils
Long Rod Shaped
80% of Sarcoplasm
Contractile Organelles
Sarcomeres
Basic Unit of Contraction
Thin Actin Filaments
Attached to Z Discs
I Bands
Thick Myosin Filaments
Myosin Heads
H Zones
Energy
Separate Myofibrils
Mitochondria
Glycosomes