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English Skills Week 4 - Fitzpatrick Ch 2 (Expanding a paragraph to an…
English Skills Week 4 - Fitzpatrick Ch 2
Logical division
Helps us understand things that are big, complicated, unfamiliar, or abstract, by dividing them into parts e.g. Understanding the world, divide it into continents
Basis of division - a way to divide a topic, two most common are time and place
Other examples - roles (teacher, parent), aspects
Purpose - why you chose to write about the topic, what you want to express, will determine the parts of aspects of your topic that you discuss
The writing process
Select a topic - 2 subparts is good, 3 is ideal, 4 also works
Linking the thesis statement to the body paragraphs - cohesion, most importantly between the thesis statement and the topic sentences of the body paragraphs
Name the supporting points in your thesis statement
Put the supporting points in the body paragraphs in the same order as they appear in your thesis statement
Repeat the words you have used in your thesis statement in the topic sentences of your body paragraphs or use word forms (members of the same word family) or synonyms (words that have the same or similar meaning)
Use transitions such as another, second and finally in the topic sentences of your body paragraphs
Using background information to write an essay introduction
Provide background info at the beginning for readers who may be unfamiliar with the topic you are dealing with
Background info can answer questions: who, what, where, when, why and how
Thesis statement usually goes at the end of the introductory paragraph after background is introduced
Development of body paragraphs
examples - references to specific things that help readers understand general or abstract ideas.
explanation - providing information of various types to readers, explanation can include
a. giving the meaning of words or symbols
b. presenting a reason that something occurs
c. telling the process by which something occurs
d. describing how something looks or sounds
Expanding a paragraph to an essay
Topic sentence --> Thesis statement
Add supporting points - the topic sentence has the topic and the controlling idea - same is true for thesis statements. As an essay contains a lot of info, it is helpful to the reader if the controlling idea names the supporting points too.
Topic sentence: Chinese New Year celebrations have three parts.
Thesis statement: Chinese New Year celebrations have three parts: the preparations, New Year's Eve and New Year's Day.
Naming the parts helps the reader anticipate what will appear in the body paragraphs of the essay
Vocabulary for logical division - in addition to 'part' other nouns can be used in the controlling idea of a logical division essay
Time: period, stage
Space: district, region, zone
Parts or qualities - aspect, characteristic, element, feature, quality
Supporting points --> Body paragraphs
Development --> More development
Concluding sentence --> Conclusion
Outlining and expansion - when you expand a paragraph into an essay you keep the same main idea statement and supporting points - usually not necessary to make a new outline - you may add more development of supporting points to your original outline
Parallel structure in thesis statements
When your thesis statement links supporting points, they must be parallel - they must be part of the same speech e.g. if you use nouns stick to nouns
most men work in offices, stores and factories (as opposed to industrial)
Language focus
Expanding the noun phrase - a way to develop your body paragraphs
use more specific nouns e.g. a structure --> a hospital
add descriptive adjectives e.g. a region --> a mountainous region
add noun modifiers e.g. a market --> a fruit market
add prepositional phrases e.g. a political leader IN the 1990s
Adjective clauses - a dependent clause which modifies a noun - begin with relative pronouns: who, whom, which, that, whose, where and when
e.g. The korean alphabet WHICH has fourteen consonants ..