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Chronic Asthma (Epidemiology image (Anyone with increased expose to air…
Chronic Asthma
Epidemiology
18.7 million adults in the United States
6.8 Million children in the United States
Specific genes expressions
Specific inflammatory markers
cells
cytokines
exhaled nitric acid
endotypes
clinical characteristics
biomarkers
lung physiology
genetics
histopathology
Smokers
Obesity
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Anyone with increased expose to air pollution
Coal miners
Those who work with chemicals often
People who live in crowded cities
Treatment
Avoiding allergens and irritants
Extensive education
Establishment of an action plan
Short-acting beta-agonist inhalers
anti-inflammatory medications
inhaled corticosteroids
Pathophysiology
Inflammatory mediator activation
Vasodilation
Bronchospasms
Increased mucous production
Constriction of smooth muscles
Hypersecretion of mast cells
IgE production
Interlukins
Increased permabiliy of vasculsutre
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Diagnosis
ABGs
Most common: Respiratory Acidosis
Underlying triggers
infection
Peak flow meter
hypoxemia
Clinical Presentation
Decreased oxygen staturation
Pulsus paradoxus
Decreased expiratory flows and volumes
Dyspnea
