Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
NS15 - Stess + psychoneuroimmunology (ii) (Endocrine/hormonal stress…
NS15 - Stess + psychoneuroimmunology (ii)
Autonomic stress response
hypothal stimulates adrenal gland to make NA + adrenaline (symp)
increased HR, CO, breathing, blood glucose
dilation of pupils, xerostomia, vasodilation of vessels to skeletal muscles, sweating
conserves energy by downregulating nonessential processes (e.g. digestion)
Endocrine/hormonal stress response
hormones released for longer response
! too prolonged: -ve effects
maintains Symp-Adreno-Medullary (SAM) pathway via CRH (from hypothal) + ACTH (from pit)
HPA axis releases corticosteroids
increases BF
decreases glucose/fat uptake, immune functioning, inflamm
effects of stress response
HPA linked to depression
releases analgesic beta endorphins (ensure survival despite injury but delay helpseeking)
NA: arrhythmias, hypertension, heart disease
disregulates immune functioning
Cortisol: damages specific + nonspecific immunity
inhibits phagocytes + lymphocyte formation
damages B + T cells
inhibits inflamm
adrenaline
stimulates phagocyte + NK release
increases suppressor Ts, decreases helper Ts
doesn't inhibit all aspects of stress response (varies over time + stressor nature)
Meta-analysis
pools several studies to summarise results
useful in controversy + non-replication
divides effect sizes into small (>0.1), medium (>0.3) + large (>0.5)
clinical implications of stress
vaccines only working with immune system is functioning
diabetic foot ulcers + other infections may not heal as well
increases cancer + CVD mortality
accelerates HIV progression
psychological stress reducing interventions -> improved disease outcomes