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Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Epidemiology ( transmission: oral (nose to…
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
Pathogenesis
Entry into Skin/Mucous membrane
Viral replication
Lysis of Cells
Vesicles
ulcers
Sensory nerve
Root ganglia
Latency
Stress, cAMP, Immunosuppression
Reactivation
Potential devlopments
Mononuclear cell associated viraemia
Spread of virus to lymphoid tissue -> proliferation +/- neoplasia
Virus latent in the nerve ganglia
Morphology
large Enveloped (200nm)
Double stranded DNA
Large Icosahedral (100nm)
Clinical Signs
Respiratory Disease
Conjunctivitis clear thick purulent fluid
Pneumonia (rare)
Sneeze and coughing
Ulcerative skin lesion
Cat dull, depressed, inappetent
Infection of > 6 month old cats results in milder disease
Epidemiology
transmission: oral (nose to nose) contact
untreated usually last 2 -3 weeks however then becomes latent
Incubation 24 - 48 hours
Fragile in Environment (24 - 48 hours)
replicates in nucleus
latency is a common outcome of infection (reactivated with stress)
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
samples
Corneal/conjuntivits/oropharyngeal swabs
virus isolation
eosinophilic inclusion bodies
PCR
Treatment and Prevention
Broad-Spectrum antibiotics
To prevent secondary bacteria infection
Mucolytic drugs
Anti viral drugs
Helps with acute disease
Feline herpesvirus-1 vaccine
Killed vaccine
2 injections at 9 & 12weeks with annual boosters
Hygiene