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Viruses Chp19 (Virus (Viral Genomes (Capsids and Envelopes (The protein…

- - - - The protein shell enclosing the viral genome is called a capsid.
      - Capsids are built from a large number of protein subunits called capsomeres, but the number of different kinds of proteins in a capsid is usually small .
      - Tobacco mosaic virus has a helical capsid surrounding a single helical RNA molecule, with the overall shape of a rigid rod.
      - Adenoviruses have an icosahedral caspid with a protein spike at each vertex ( corner). The caspid, made up of capsomeres, contains double-strained DNA.
      - Influenza viruses have an outer envelope, sztudded with glycoprotein spikes, that contains eight doubled-helical RNA-protein complexes,each associated with a viral polymerase.
      - Bacteriophage T4, has a complex capsid consisting of an icosahedral head and a tail apparatus. T4's double-stranded DNA is enclosed in the head.