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English Civil War (Long Term Causes (Before 1640) (Political (Divine RIght…

- - - - Charles was given this belief by his father, King James I, and it states that the King was appointed by God and is basically God on Earth. He could then say that he is always right and no one could challenge him
    - - Unkingly stature and nature made Charles more unpopular; small, shy, ungenerous and lacking humour.
    - - The Star Chamber (also known as the King’s chamber) was used by Charles to punish opponents without a fair trial. Here Charles could appoint one on his close friends/relatives to be the judge. They would obviously be biased towards the King, making the trial unfair.
    - - Charles uses Favourites to make decisions in the House of Commons and the House of Lords, where people were usually elected. This was very unpopular as many of his advisors were Catholic. Som of his main advisors were Advisor Buckingham and the Earl of Strafford (Wentworth)
    - - From 1629-1640, Charles dissolves Parliament and rules on his own. As expected , there were many contradictions against Charles’ decision. This period in English History was called the eleven years tyranny.
    - - Petition of Right in 1628 against forced loans and imprisoning people without a fair trial.
  - - - Charles married a French, Catholic princess called Henrietta Maria. This was very unpopular amongst the Parliament and the Church, all of whom were largely Protestant.
    - - William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Charles started decorating the Churches, making them feel more Catholic. This made Parliament more suspicious that Charles as trying to convert back to Catholicism.
    - - Charles changed the Scottish Prayer book to the English one, causing many Scottish rebellions to start. This made Charles another, unnecessary problem which needed a lot of money to be solved.
    - - In 1637, Charles gave a harsh treatment to some Puritans. E.g. pillorying of Burton, Prynne and Bastwick, increased Charles’ unpopularity.
    - - Changes to Religious Laws were made: Sport and Dancing was now allowed on Sundays
  - - - This was the most significant tax which occurred during Charles’ reign, and the collected money went towards improving the country’s navy. This was important because it meant that England could defend themselves in the case of an invasion.
        
        The tax was extended in 1634 to peacetime coastal ares (which were the most likely to get attacked) to then the whole country in 1635. This was obviously very unpopular amongst the people.
    - - To make extra money, Charles increased the unpopular sale of monopolies including the soap production. Monopolies were when the King gives permission to one/a group of people to sell a certain good, in this case soap. Then he stops all other productions of this good. This makes the price increase rapidly, making the King more money.
    - - As more and more people started living in the forest Charles decided to increase the forest fines, setting up boundaries.
    - - Tonnage and poundage granted for a year, not a lifetime, causes massive tension and arguements between Charles and The Parliament.
- - - - Trennial Act: Is the Law which says that a new Parliament has to be called every three years, whether the King likes it or not.
      - The abolition of the Star Chamber and The Court of High Commission.
    - - Parliament offer Charles the 'Nineteen Propositions'. Parliament raised their own army and called on Charles to agree on this offer.
      - Charles raises his standard. Instead of accepting the Nineteen Propositions put forth by Parliament, he went to Nottingham and on the 22nd of August he raised his standard. This meant that he was ready to fight.